!Corallorrhiza trifida Chatelain 1760
Photo by © Carl Luer
Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website
Photo by © T.H.Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe
Photo by © Leon Glicenstein
Photo by © Zachary Bradford
LATE 
to EARLY 
Common Name Northern Coral-Root - The Early Coral-Root - in China Shan Shu Lan
Flower Size 1/3" [1 cm]
found in Greenland, Iceland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Spain, France, Denmark, Germany, Czechslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, western Russia, central Russia, eastern Russia, western Siberia, Kazakistan, Kirgistan, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea, western Himalayas, Pakistan, Nepal, Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchuan, Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward Islands, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Labrador, Newfoundland, Washington, Oregon, California, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Washington DC, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine in northern montane woodlands, marshes, wet dune slacks and beechwood and conifer forests at elevations up to 2300 meters as a small sized, cold growing, mycoheterotrophic, leafless terrestrial with a hairless, yellowish stem enveloped by 2 to 4 sheaths and has scale like bracts that blooms in the spring and early summer on a lax, 2 to 10 flowered inflorescence with small, slightly pendant flowers.
Synonyms Corallorrhiza anandae Malhotra & Balodi 1984 publ. 1985; Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst. 1886; Corallorhiza corallorhiza subsp. coloradensis Cockerell 1916; Corallorhiza dentata Host 1831; Corallorhiza ericetorum Drejer 1843; Corallorhiza halleri (L.) Rich. 1817; Corallorhiza innata R.Br. 1813; Corallorhiza innata subsp. ericetorum (Drejer) Nyman 1882; Corallorhiza innata var. ericetorum (Drejer) Rchb.f. 1851; Corallorhiza innata var. virescens (Drejer) Farr 1904; Corallorrhiza intacta Cham. 1828; Corallorrhiza integra Châtel. 1760; Corallorrhiza jacquemontii Decne. 1844; Corallorhiza nemoralis Sw. ex Nyman 1882; Corallorrhiza neottia Scop. 1772; Corallorhiza occidentalis Bach.Pyl. 1826; Corallorhiza trifida f. ericetorum (Drejer) Soó 1928; Corallorhiza trifida f. integra (Châtel.) Soó 1928; Corallorhiza trifida f. suaveolens Bordz. 1950; Corallorhiza trifida f. verna (Nutt.) P.M.Br. 2006; Corallorrhiza trifida subsp. virescens (Drejer) Løjtnant 1996; Corallorhiza trifida var. ericetorum (Drejer) Rchb.f. 1851; Corallorrhiza trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fernald 1946; Corallorrhiza trifida var. virescens (Drejer) Farw. 1941; Corallorhiza verna Nutt. 1823; Corallorhiza virescens Drejer ex Heynh. 1843; Corallorrhiza wyomingensis Hellm. & K.Hellm. 1931; Cymbidium corallorrhiza [L.] Sw. 1800; Epidendrum corallorrhizon (L.) Poir. 1810; Epipactis corallorrhiza (L.) Crantz 1769; Helleborine corallorrhiza (L.) F.W.Schmidt 1793; Neottia corallorrhiza (L.) Kuntze 1891; *Ophrys corallorrhiza Linne 1753
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Orchids of North-Western Himalaya Vol IX Part II Duthie 1906 as C innata; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as C innata; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 No 5 1960; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen #1 1-4 tafel 1&2 1971 drawing ok; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 7 385 - 448 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1975 as Corallorhiza trifida sic drawing fide; The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada Luer 1975 drawing/photos fide; Indian Orchids, Guide to Identification and Culture vol 2 Pradhan 1979 Orchid Digest Vol 46 No 6 1982 photo ok; Orquideologia Vol 15 #2-3 1982 photo fide; Schlechteriana Vol 2 No 3 1991 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 60 No 4/329 1991 as C trifida var verna photo fide; Orchids of Kumaun Himalayas Pangtey, Samant and Rawat 1991; Schlechteriana Vol 4 No 4 1993; AOS Bulletin Vol 63 No 4 1994; AOS Bulletin Vol 63 #5 1994 photo fide; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen Band 1C lieferung 41 pg 2565 - 2625 Brieger 2001 as C anandae; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen Band 1C lieferung 41 pg 2565 - 2625 Brieger 2001 ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; Orchid Digest Vol 70 #3 2006 as Early coral root photo fide; Native Orchids of Shaanxi - Shaanxi Science & Technology Press 2007 photo fide; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 as C anandae; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 drawing fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing fide; Orchids of Huanglong Perner, Tang Si-Yuan 2007 photos fide; Orchid Digest Vol 75 #2 2011 as C trifida var verna Photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 83 #1 2014 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 84 #12 2015 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #2 2017 photo good; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #5 2017 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 84 #1 2020 photo fide; LANKESTERIANA 15(1): 7—50. Jeewan Singh Jalal & J. Jayanthi 2015; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 2 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;
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