!Rhynchostylis retusa [L.]Blume 1825
Photo by Jay Pfahl
Photo by Lourens Grobler ©
Photo courtesy of Oak Hill Gardens
Common Name The Blunt Rhynchostylis In Thailand - Phuang malai - Hang karawk - Aiyaret - In China Zuan Hui Lan
Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]
This is a medium sized, hot to cool growing species that comes from the Chinese Himalayas, Assam, Bangladesh, eastern Himalayas, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Western Himalayas, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and the Philippines in semi-deciduous and deciduous dry lowland forests and savana-like woodlands at elevations of sealevel to 1200 meters with stout, repent, short stem carrying to 12, curved, fleshy, ligulate, deeply channeled, keeled, praemorse or retuse apically leaves and blooms in the winter, spring and summer on an axillary, pendant, to 2' [60 cm long, densely many flowered inflorescence carrying citrus scented flowers requiring even water and fertilizer year round.
Synonyms Aerides guttata [Lindl.] Roxb. 1832; Aerides preamorsa Wilde. 1805; Aerides retusa [L.] Sw. 1799; Aerides spicata D. Don 1825; Aerides undulata Sm. 1819; Anota violacea (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1914; Epidendrum hippium Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 1825; Epidendrum indicum Poir. 1810; *Epidendrum retusum L. 1753; Gastrochilus blumei (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Gastrochilus garwalicus (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Gastrochilus retusus (L.) Kuntze 1891; Gastrochilus rheedei (Wight) Kuntze 1891; Gastrochilus spicatus (D.Don) Kuntze 1891; Gastrochilus violaceus (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891; Limodorum retusum Sw. 1799; Orchis lanigera Blanco 1837; Rhynchostylis albiflora I.Barua & Bora 2002; Rhynchostylis garwalica [Lindl.] Rchb.f. 1864; Rhynchostylis gurwalica Rchb.f. 1864; Rhynchostylis guttata [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1854; Rhynchostylis praemorsa [Willd.] Blume 1825; Rhynchostylis retusa f. albiflora (I.Barua & Bora) Christenson 2005; Rhynchostylis violacea Rchb.f. 1854; Saccolabium blumei Lindley 1841; Saccolabium furcatum B.S.Williams 1862; Saccolabium garwalicum Lindley 1858; Saccolabium guttatum [Lindley] Wall 1832; Saccolabium heathii Hort. 1885; Saccolabium macrostachyum Lindl. 1841; Saccolabium praemorsum [Willd.] Lindley 1833; Saccolabium retusum Voight 1845; Saccolabium rheedii Wight 1852; Saccolabium spicatum (D.Don) Lindl. 1833; Saccolabium violaceum Rchb.f. 1854; Sarcanthus guttatus Lindl. 1831;
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ;
Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as R violacea; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1854 as R guttata; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857; The Orchids of Sikkim-Himalaya Part 1 King & Pantling 1898 drawing fide; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 1 Ames 1905 as R violacea; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; The Orchids of North-Western Himalaya Vol IX Part II Duthie 1906; Die Orchideen Von Java Figuren Atlas J.J.Smith 1908 drawing fide; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Fascile 2 Ames 1908;
Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 photo fide; Atlas des Orchidees Cultivees Constantin 1920 drawing fide; Die Orchideen Von Java Figuren Atlas J.J.Smith 1908 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 #10 1960 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 #1 1963; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1963 drawing/photo fide; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1965 corrections; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 1 1963; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 1 1963 as R violacea; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 2 1963 photo fide; AOS Orchid Culture 1963 photo fide; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as R violacea; AOS Bulletin Vol 36 No 6 1967 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol38 #12 1969 photo ok; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 3 1970 photo fide; Beautiful Thai Orchid Species Kamemoto & Sagarik 1975 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 7 1978; AOS Bulletin VOl 47 No 9 1978 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 5 1979 photo plant only; Indian Orchids: A Guide to Identification and Culture Vol 2 Pradhan 1979 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 8 1980 photo fide; The Complete Writings on Philippine Orchids Vol 1 Quisumbing 1981 as Anota violacea; A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Vol 2 Dassanayake & Fosberg 1981 drawing fide; Orchidiana Philippinaiana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; Orchidiana Philippinaiana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984 as R violacea; Orchids of Nilgiris Joseph 1987 drawing fide; Opera Botanica #95 Seidenfaden 1988 drawing/photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen Band 1B lieferung 19/20 1129 - 1264 Brieger 1988 photo fide; Orchids of Java Comber 1990 photo fide; Orchids of Kumaun Himalayas Pangtey, Samant and Rawat 1991; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Wood & Seidenfaden 1992 drawing/photo fide; The Manual Of Cultivated Orchid Species Bechtel, Cribb & Launert 1992 photo fide; Thai Orchid Species Rakpaibulsombat 1992 photo fide; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; Identification of the Orchids [Orchidaceae Juss.] Vietnam Averyanov 1994; AOS Bulletin Vol 64 No 2 1995 photo fide; The Wild Orchids of China Tsi, Chen & Mori 1997; Orchid Digest Vol 62 #3 1998 photo fide; Native Orchids of China in Colour Singchi, Zhanhuo and Yibo 1999 photo fide; Orchid Australia Vol 12 No 5 2000 photo; Orchids Australia Vol 12 No 6 2000 photo; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001 photo fide; Orchid Flora Of Kamrup District Assam Iswar Chandra Barua 2001 drawing fide; A to Z of South East Asian Orchid Species Vol 1 O'Byrne 2001 photo fide; A field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001 photo fide; Beautiful Orchids of Nepal Rajbhandari & Bhattarai 2001; AOS Bulletin Vol 71 No 3 2002 photo fide; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002 drawing/photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 1 Tanaka 2003; Australian Orchid Review Vol 69 No 2 2004 photo; A field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2005 photo fide; 100 Sikkim Himalayan Orchids Pradhan 2005 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 76 #12 2007 photo fide; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 drawing ok/photo fide; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 3 Tanaka 2007; A Field Guide to the Orchids of China Singchi, Zhongjian, Yibo, Xiaohua and Zhanhuo 2009 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; AOS Bulletin Vol 79 #6 2010 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing fide; The Wild Orchids in Yunnan Xu Xiang Ye & Liu 2010 photos fide; Philippine Native Orchid Species Cootews 2011 Drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 83 # 7 2014 photo fide; Genera Orchidacearum Vol 6 Epidendroideae Pt 3 Pridgeon, Cribb, Chase and Rasmussen 2014 drawing fide; Orchids of Odisha Misra 2014 drawing/photo fide;
AOS Bulletin Vol 84 #2 2015 photo fide; LANKESTERIANA 15(1): 7—50. Jeewan Singh Jalal & J. Jayanthi 2015 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 80 #2 2016; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #2 2017 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 # 7 2017 photo fide; Lankesteriana Vol 18 [1]: 23–62 Jalal & Jayanth 2018; Orchids of Maharashtra Jalal 2018 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 82 #2 2018 Photo fide; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 2 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;
Rhynchostylis retusa [L.]Blume 1825 var alba
Photo courtesy of Beau
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![Rhynchostylis retusa [L.]Blume 1825 var alba](orphotdir/rhynretusavaralba.jpg){kind=link}