Vol 8 #1 2022

ISSN 2167-6224

New combinations in Andreettaea Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)

By Alfonso Doucette

September 16, 2022

Editor The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia

Andreettaea is expanded to include ca. 56 species currently classified under different generic names based on a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. The findings of Doucette et al. (2022) provide robust support for the monophyly of Muscarella as a clade including Andreettaea based on ITS and matK sequences and the results of SH-like topology tests, which rejected any possibility for the recognition of Andreettaea as part of Pleurothallis as proposed by Luer (1986) or as part of Specklinia as proposed by Pridgeon & Chase (2001) and Pridgeon (2005).

Although it is larger, the genus Muscarella as recognized by Luer (2006) and Karremans et al. (2016) unfortunately cannot be accepted when Andreettaea ocellus is recognized as part of that genus. The name Andreettaea (1978 vs 2006) takes priority under Art. 11.3 of the current Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2018). Art. 11.3 provides that “for any taxon from family to genus, inclusive, the correct name is the earliest legitimate one with the same rank.” The only exceptions for this article are for conserved names, sanctioned names, rejected names, family names, fossil names, and fungi names. None of these exceptions apply to Muscarella or any other relevant, known genus that would impact the recognition and expansion of Andreettaea.

Below 55 new combinations are provided based on the findings of an investigation of the phylogenetic placement of Andreettaea ocellus based on morphological and molecular data. These new combinations result in a monophyletic Andreettaea and reduce the total number of monotypic genera within the Pleurothallidinae. The new combinations are provided along with nomenclatural notes provided for: Andreettaea catoxys, A. delicatula, A. helenae, A. mucronata, A. rojohnii, and A. zephyrina.

Andreettaea Luer, Selbyana 2: 183. 1978. Type. Andreettaea ocellus Luer. Pleurothallis subg. Andreettaea (Luer) Luer, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 20: 31. 1986. Type. Andreettaea ocellus Luer. Pleurothallis sect. Muscariae Luer, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 20: 89. 1986. Type. Pleurothallis aristata Hook. Muscarella Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 94. 2006. Type. Pleurothallis aristata Hook., Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 329. 1839. Vaginaella Vierling, OrchideenJ. 25: 19. 2018. Type. Vaginaella stromatolithoides Vierling, OrchideenJ. 25: 19. 2018. Verapazia Archila, Revista Guatemalensis 2: 32. 1999. nom. inval.

Epiphytes, rarely lithophytic, caespitose, generally under 5 cm height. Roots unbranched. Stems abbreviated, terete, enveloped by 1–3, imbricating, tubular, papery sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, fleshy, narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate with an acute or obtuse apex, subsessile to petiolate. Inflorescences racemose, erect to repent, produced from a small, papery spathe held near the base of the leaf, the peduncles terete with small, tubular to infundibular bracts, the rachi sometimes abbreviated resulting in a brush-like inflorescence otherwise a standard raceme, the pedicels persistent and articulated with the ovary, which is terete and 6-sulcate, sepals glabrous, ciliate, spiculate, or pubescent, acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse, often contracted into a tail, generally free for their length, the lateral sepals rarely fused to the dorsal sepal, 3-veined; Petals elliptical, denticulate, serrate, or fringed, rarely entire, acute to acuminate, often caudate, rarely clavate, 1-veined; lip entire to trilobed, with similar variation of the margins as seen in the petals, the disc featureless to channeled between the calli, the base truncate, sometimes with minute, retrorse lobules, delicately hinged to the column-foot; column semiterete, the margins entire to narrowly winged, the apex entire to denticulate, the anther ventral, deciduous, the stigma ventral, the foot often with apical, pedestal-like calli; pollinia 2, ovoid, united by a flat, granular, bilobed caudicle. Fruit a capsule with bivalvate dehiscence.

1. Andreettaea ancora (Luer & R. Vásquez) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis ancora Luer & R. Vásquez, Phytologia 46: 357. 1980. Specklinia ancora (Luer & R.Vásquez) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 256 (2001). Muscarella ancora (Luer & R. Vásquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 95. 2006.

   Type: BOLIVIA. Cochabamba, Chapare, epiphytic in cloud forest along road to Tablas, 2300 m, 9 Feb 1980. C.Luer, J.Luer & R.Vásquez 5172 (Holotype: SEL).

2. Andreettaea aristata (Hook.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis aristata Hook., Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 329. 1839. Humboltia aristata (Hook.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 667. 1891. Muscarella aristata (Hook.) Luer. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 96. 2006. Specklinia aristata (Hook.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. Lindleyana 16(4): 256. 2001.

   Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from British Guiana (Guyana), cultivated in the stove of C.S. Parker, of Liverpool, England, having been received with many other rarities from Demerara, Parker s.n. (holotype, K).

3. Andreettaea cabellensis (Rchb.f.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis cabellensis Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 832. 1850. Humboltia cabellensis (Rchb. f.) Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 667. 1891. Sylphia cabellensis (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 227. 2006. Specklinia cabellensis (Rchb. f.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase. Lindleyana 16: 256. 2001. Muscarella cabellensis (Rchb. f.) Karremans. Phytotaxa 272: 29. 2016.

   Type. VENEZUELA: Carabobo, collected by P.Cabelle, 1370 m (as “4500”’), May 1846, N.Funck 578 (Holotype: W).

   NOTES: Karremans et al. (2016) found that this species belonged to Muscarella based on three accessions sequenced from Karremans 5712 and reported that it also has pollinia with caudicles. The species is one of the few Andreettaea species with entire petal margins.

4. Andreettaea catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis catoxys Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 151. 1996. Specklinia catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259. 2004. Muscarella catoxys (Luer & Hirtz) Luer. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 97. 2006.

   Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, 1500 m, 6 Feb 1987. Luer et al. 12715 (Neotype: MO).

   Note: Karremans (2021) indicates that Luer (1996) cited the holotype of Pleurothallis claviculata Luer & Hirtz in the protologue as the holotype for P. catoxys. The information appears to have been duplicated as the illustrations of the two species differ but the collection information are identical. Karremans (2021) were able to locate a specimen matching the description in the protologue that was gathered by the author before the date of the name’s publication. That specimen was designated as the “type” based on Art. 9.2 (Turland et al. 2018).

5. Andreettaea cestrochila (Garay) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis cestrochila Garay, Orquideologia 8: 180. 1973. Specklinia cestrochila (Garay) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella cestrochila (Garay) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 97. 2006.

   Type. COLOMBIA: Antioquia, El Retiro, road to Las Palmas, 2500 m., collected by Guastavo Wills, s.d., R.Escobar 715 (Holotype: AMES).

6. Andreettaea claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis claviculata Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 153. 1996. Muscarella claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 98. 2006. Specklinia claviculata (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 259. 2004.

   Type. ECUADOR: Pastaza, epiphytic in cloud forest along Río Zuñag, 2400 m, 23-28 Feb 1990, Hirtz et al. 4635 (Holotype: MO).

7. Andreettaea clavigera (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis clavigera Luer, Selbyana 3: 268. 1977. Specklinia clavigera (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella clavigera (Luer) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 99. 2006.

   Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, where the plant was acquired from a collector from Manabí, 24 Feb 1977, C.Luer 1468 (Holotype: SEL).

8. Andreettaea coeloglosa (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis clavigera Luer, Selbyana 3: 268. 1977. Specklinia clavigera (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella coeloglossa (Luer & Hirtz) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 99. 2006.

   Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, epiphytic in cloud forest north of Gualaquiza, 1700 m, 17 Feb 1986, C.Luer et al. 11880 (Holotype: MO).

9. Andreettaea corynetes (Luer & R. Vásquez) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

   Basionym: Pleurothallis corynetes Luer & R.Vásquez, Phytologia 46: 363. 1980. Specklinia corynetes (Luer & R.Vásquez) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella corynetes (Luer & R. Vásquez) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 100. 2006.

   Type. BOLIVIA: La Paz, Nor Yungas, cloud forest above Río Unduavi, 2450 m, 6 Feb 1980, C.Luer et al. 5131 (Holotype: SEL).

10. Andreettaea cryptophyta (Barb. Rodr.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Lepanthes cryptophyta Barb. Rodr., Genera et Species Orchidearum Novarum 2: 65. 1881. Muscarella cryptophyta (Barb. Rodr.) Bogarín & Karremans, Pleurothallids Neotropical Jewels. Vol. 1: 175. 2020.

    Type. BRAZIL: Minas Geraes, Parahybuna, December s.d., s.n. (Lectotype: Illustration).

    NOTES: The holotype is reported as lost by Karremans & Vieira-Uribe (2020) and illustration tab. 179A, in Conogr. Orchid. Bresil, vol. 3, at the Library of Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, cited as tab. 787 (unpubl.) in Barb.Rodr. loc. cit. was designated as the lectotype.

11. Andreettaea cynocephala (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis cynocephala Luer, Selbyana 5: 163. 1979. Specklinia cynocephala (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella cynocephala (Luer) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 100. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: cultivated at SEL, reportedly from Bolivia, Cochabamba, epiphytic in cloud forest between Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, 1900 m, Nov. 1978, C. Luer 4065 (Holotype: SEL)

12. Andreettaea delicatula (Lindl.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis delicatula Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 9 (Pleurothallis): 38. 1859. Humboltia delicatula Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891. Specklinia delicatula (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260. 2004. Muscarella delicatula (Lindl.) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 101. 2006.

    Type: JAMAICA, Mt. Moses, 914 m as "3000 ft," Nov 1881, Purdie s.n. (Neotype: K).

    Notes. The sheet at K identified as the type consists of multiple collections, but the specimen stamped "Herbarium Hookerianum: 1867," appears to be the holotype given Lindly (1859) indicating the type as "Jamaica, Purdie. v. s. sp. in hb. Hooker.” The specimen is also indicated as the holotype with a note by C.Luer dated July 1998.

13. Andreettaea divexa (Ames) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis divexa Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 7: 20. 1924; replacement name for the homonym Pleurothallis dichotoma Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 6: 58 1923. Muscarella divexa (Ames) Karremans & S. Vieira-Uribe, Pleurothallids Neotropical Jewels. Vol. 1 2020.

    Type. COSTA RICA: Peralta, 370 m as "1200 ft," 13 Jul 1923, C.H.Lankester 464 (Holotype: AMES [27014]).

14. Andreettaea echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis echinodes Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 24. 1983. Specklinia echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella echinodes (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 101. 2006.

    Type. COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander, Páramo de Jurisdicciones, 2300 m, 30 Apr 1982 to 1 May 1982, C.Luer, J.Luer, & Portillo #7675 (Holotype: SEL [SEL000759]; isotypes: AAU, COL [COL000000379], JAUM).

15. Andreettaea exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis exesilabia A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes, Phytologia 14: 11. 1966. Specklinia exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 257. 2001. Muscarella exesilabia (A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes) Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 102. 2006.

    Type. NICARAGUA: Jinotega, near Finca Santa Elena, Matagalpa-Jinotega Highway, on a fallen branch, 1370 m as "4510 ft.," Jul 1962, A.H. Heller 6497 (Holotype: AMES).

16. Andreettaea fuchsii (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis fuchsii Luer, Selbyana 1: 244. 1975. Specklinia fuchsii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260. 2004. Muscarella fuchsii (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 104. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, Pastaza, near Puyo, 750 m, F.Fuchs Jr. s.n., type gathered from material cultivated at SEL, C.Luer 157 (Holotype: SEL).

17. Andreettaea furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis furcatipetala Luer & Hirtz, in Rev. Soc. Boliv. Bot. 3: 50. 2001. Specklinia furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260. 2004. Muscarella furcatipetala (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 104. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, Chiviasa, east of Limón, alt. 1300 m, 21 October 1999, A.Hirtz, E.Sánchez & S.Marin 7025 (Holotype: MO).

18. Andreettaea gongylodes (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis gongylodes Luer, Selbyana 5: 166 (1979). Specklinia gongylodes (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 257 (2001). Muscarella gongylodes (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 105 (2006).

    Type. ECUADOR: Imbabura, 3000 m, ca 30 km W of Otavalo, 17 Feb 1978, C.Luer, J.Luer & A.Hirtz 2602 (Holotype: SEL).

19. Andreettaea hastata (Ames) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis hastata Ames, Orchidaceae (Ames) 2: 268. 1908. Specklinia hastata (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella hastata (Ames) Karremans Phytotaxa 272: 30. 2016.

    Type. GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubilquitz, 350 m, Dec 1901, H. von Tuerckheim 501 (Holotype: AMES).

20. Andreettaea helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis helenae Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47: 4. 1909. Specklinia helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella helenae (Fawc. & Rendle) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 105. 2006.

    Type. JAMAICA: Mabess River, 1067 m as "3500 ft.," in flower July, in fruit August, s.d., Harris s.n. (Holotype: location not reported).

    NOTES: The protologue indicates that the species was "described from a detailed drawing by Miss H. A. Wood." Luer (2006) indicates that the location of the holotype is unknown.

21. Andreettaea herpestes (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis herpestes Luer, Selbyana 5: 167. 1979. Specklinia herpestes (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella herpestes (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 106. 2006.

    Type. Costa Rica: Cartago: epiphytic in cloud forest south of Cartago below Empalme, ca. 1900 m, 14 Sep 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & K.S. Walter 4169 (Holotype: SEL).

22. Andreettaea ichthyonekys (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis ichthyonekys Luer, Selbyana 3: 316. 1977. Specklinia ichthyonekys (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella ichthyonekys (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 106. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe, between Loja and Zamora, 2800 m, 6 Mar 1977, C. Luer, J. Luer, & K. Cordoba 1571 (Holotype, MO).

23. Andreettaea infinita (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis infinita Luer, Revista Soc. Boliv. Bot. 1: 13. 1998. Specklinia infinita (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004. Muscarella infinita (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 107. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Bolivia, La Paz, Nor Yungas, 1700 m, Aug 1991, flowered in cultivation in Quito, Ecuador, Dec 1991, A.Hirtz 5695 (Holotype: MO).

24. Andreettaea intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis intonsa Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 156. 1981. Specklinia intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella intonsa (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 107. 2006.

    Type. COLOMBIA: Antioquia, Caldas, Alto de San Miguel, Morro Gil, 2550 m, 26 Jan 1974, R.Escobar et al. 1121 (Holotype: JAUM).

25. Andreettaea kennedyi (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis kennedyi Luer, Selbyana 3: 326. 1977. Specklinia kennedyi (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella kennedyi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 108. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Peru, San Martin, near Divisoria, flowered in cultivation 11 Feb 1977, G.Kennedy s.n. (Holotype: SEL).

26. Andreettaea latilabris (Foldats) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis latilabris Foldats, Acta Bot. Venez. 3: 376. 1968. Specklinia latilabris (Foldats) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Specklinia latilabris (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004. Muscarella latilabris (Foldats) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 108. 2006.

    Type. VENEZUELA: Táchira, headwaters of Rio Quinimarí, above Rio de La Quebrada, 2600 m, s.d., J.A.Steyermark, G.C.K.Dunstervile, & E.Dunsterville 10881 (Holotype: VEN).

27. Andreettaea lipothrix (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis lipothrix Luer, Phytologia 55: 201. 1984. Specklinia lipothrix (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella lipothrix (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 109. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, between Loja and Zamora, 1400 m, collected by D.D'Allesandro, cultivated at Vilcabamba, 2 Nov 1982, C.Luer 8267 (Holotype: SEL).

28. Andreettaea llamachoi (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis llamachoi Luer, Lindleyana 13: 146. 1998. Specklinia llamachoi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004. Muscarella llamachoi (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 109. 2006.

    Type. CUBA: Holguín, Mayari, Sierra de Nipe, behind cabins of Agricultural Station, 650 m, 25 Nov 1997, C.Luer, J.Luer, M.Diaz, J.LLamacho, J.Ackerman, K.Dressler, & R.Dressler 18631 (Holotype: HAJB; Isotype: MO).

29. Andreettaea longilabris (Lindl.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis longilabris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 1: 328. 1858. Humboltia longilabris Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667. 1891. Specklinia longilabris (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 261. 2004. Muscarella longilabris (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 110. 2006.

    Type. CUBA: Oriente, Monte Verde, 1856-57, C.Wright 651 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BR, MO, NY).

30. Andreettaea macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis macroblepharis Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 2: 772. 1874. Specklinia macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella macroblepharis (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 110 (2006).

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Peru, without a specific locality, collected by B.Roezl 2669, flowered in cultivation at Donnaueschingen, Baden, s.d., M.Kirchhoff s.n. (Holotype: W; Isotype: AMES).

31. Andreettaea marginata (Rich.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Epidendrum marginatum Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 112 (err. typ. 105). 1792. Muscarella marginata (Rich.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 111. 2006.

    Type. MEXICO: without a locality, s.d., A.Richard s.n. (Holotype: W).

32. Andreettaea megalops (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis megalops Luer, Selbyana 7: 118. 1982. Specklinia megalops (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella megalops (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 113. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, Azuay, cultivated by B.Malo at Tarqui, 26 Feb 1982, C.Luer 7025 (Holotype: SEL).

33. Andreettaea mucronata (Lindl. ex Cogn.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis mucronata Lindl. ex Cogn., Symb. Antill. (Urban). 6: 424. 1909. Muscarella mucronata (Lindl. ex Cogn.) Karremans, Phytotaxa 272(1): 30 (2016). Verapazia mucronata (Lindl. ex Cogn.) Chiron & Szlach., Richardiana, N.S. 2: 167. 2018.

    Type. CUBA: Prope villam Monte Verde dictam, Cuba Orientali, Jan-Jul 1859, C.Wright 1504 (Lectotype: BR [843494]). Notes: Lectotype designated by H.Stenzel in Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A. Pl. Vasc. 12: 122. 2007.

34. Andreettaea obliquipetala (Acuña & C. Schweinf.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis obliquipetala Acuña & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 6: 3. 1938. Trichosalpinx acunae Luer, Phytologia 54: 394. 1983 [nom. nov. for Pleurothallis obliquipetala]. Specklinia obliquipetala (Acuña & C.Schweinf.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262. 2004. Muscarella obliquipetala (Acuña & C.Schweinf.) Karremans, Phytotaxa 272: 30. 2016.

    Type. CUBA: Oriente, Estribo del Este, Pico Turquino, 1 Aug 1935, J.Acuña 9540 (Holotype: HAC [as “Estación Central Agronomica, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba”]; isotype: AMES [46830]).

35. Andreettaea oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basoinym: Pleurothallis oblonga Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 174. 1996. Specklinia oblonga (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 262. 2004.

    Type. ECUADOR: Pichincha, Volcan Illiniza, Cerro Azul, 2800 m, 23 Jan 1987, C.Luer, J.Luer, & A.Hirtz 12479 (Holotype: MO).

36. Andreettaea ocellus Luer, Selbyana 2: 183. 1978.

    Basoinym: Pleurothallis ocellus (Luer) Luer, Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 20: 31. 1986.

    Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, east of Paute, 2800 m, 10 Jul 1977, C.Luer, J.Luer, G.Luer, & A.Andreetta 1661 (holotype, SEL).

    NOTES: Luer (2006) notes that the flowers of this species are non-resupinate, which appears to be either a misinterpretation of the plant material he studied or an aberrant flower as the living material we observed consistently produced resupinate flowers (Fig. 2).

37. Andreettaea perangusta (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis perangusta Luer, Selbyana 3: 162. 1976. Specklinia perangusta (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 258. 2001. Muscarella perangusta (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 114. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Napo, west of Tena, 600 m, 26 Jul 1975, J.Brenner 14 (holotype: SEL).

38. Andreettaea quinqueseta (Ames) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis quinqueseta Ames, Schedul. Orchid. no. 9: 35, fig. 6 (1925). Specklinia quinqueseta (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263 (2004). Muscarella quinqueseta (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 114 (2006).

    Type. COSTA RICA: San Jose, La Hondura, 1300–1700 m, 2–4 Mar 1924, P.C.Standley 36283 (Holotype: AMES [29165]; isotype: US). Notes: A syntype, Standley 38368, is also mentioned in the protologue.

39. Andreettaea rojohnii (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Muscarella rojohnii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 115. 2006. Specklinia rojohnii (Luer) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 122: 77. 2014.

    Type. ECUADOR: Loja, north of Loja, 200 m, collected by C.Rojohn, D.D'Alessandro, & L.Mendoza, s.d., C.Luer 21988 (Holotype: MO). NOTES: Thoerle & Karremans (2019) report that “ V. stromatolithoides is synonymous with M. rojohnii, and that Vaginaella cannot be separated from Muscarella Luer (2006: 94).”

40. Andreettaea samacensis (Ames) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis samacensis Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 2: 22. 1923. Specklinia samacensis (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259. 2001. Muscarella samacensis (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 115. 2006.

    Type: GUATEMALA, Alta Verapaz, Samac near Coban, 1370 m as "4500 ft.," Oct 1920, O.Ames 765 (Holotype: AMES).

41. Andreettaea schudelii (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis schudelii Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 40. 2002. Specklinia schudelii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263. 2004. Muscarella schudelii (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 116. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, Cordillera del Condor, near Paquisha, 1200 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, Apr. 2001, A.Hirtz 7604 (Holoype: MO).

42. Andreettaea segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis segregatifolia Ames & C.Schweinf., Schedul. Orchid. no. 8: 33. 1925. Specklinia segregatifolia (Ames & C. Schweinf.) Solano & Soto Arenas, Icones Orchidacearum 5–6: xi. 2003. Muscarella segregatifolia (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Karremans, Phytotaxa 272: 31. 2016.

    Type. COSTA RICA: La Fuente, Peralta, 24 Jun 1924, C.H.Lankester 914 (Holotype: AMES [28691]).

43. Andreettaea semperflorens (Lindl.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis semperflorens Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 9 (Pleurothallis): 40. 1859. Humboltia semperflorens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891. Humboltia semperflorens (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891. Muscarella semperflorens (Lindl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 117. 2006.

    Type. ILLUSTRATION: based on an illustration of Pleurothallis acuminata Focke (nom. illeg.), Suriname, Paramaribo, in woods along the River Commeuyne, 20 Nov 1846, H.C. Focke s.n. (Holotype: W).

44. Andreettaea sibatensis (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis sibatensis F.Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 445. 1899. Specklinia sibatensis (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 263 (2004). Muscarella sibatensis (F.Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 117 (2006).

    Type. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca, hills around Sibate, 2800 m, 3 Feb 1883, F.C.Lehmann 2553 (Holotype: K; isotype: AMES, BM, BR).

45. Andreettaea strumosa (Ames) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis strumosa Ames, Schedul. Orchid. 9: 41. 1925. Specklinia strumosa (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259. 2001. Muscarella strumosa (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 118. 2006.

    Type. COSTA RICA: Cartago, Carpintera, Feb 1924, C.H.Lankester 766 (Holotype: AMES).

46. Andreettaea stumpflei (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis stumpflei Luer, Selbyana 5: 182. 1979. Specklinia stumpflei (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259. 2001. Muscarella stumpflei (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 119. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe, near Valladolid, 2500 m, collected in July 1975 by W.Teague, L.Figueroa, & D.Welisch, flowered in cultivation by H. Ripley in San Francisco, 18 Aug 1979, C.Luer 4096 (Holotype: MO).

47. Andreettaea tamboensis (Luer & R.Escobar) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis tamboensis Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 14: 174. 1981. Specklinia tamboensis (Luer & R.Escobar) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259. 2001. Muscarella tamboensis (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 119. 2006.

    Type. COLOMBIA: Cauca, El Tambo, between Uribe and Quebraditas, "La Galera," 2400 m, R.Escobar et al. 1828 (Holotype: JAUM).

48. Andreettaea tapantiensis (Mel.Fernández & Bogarín) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Muscarella tapantiensis Mel.Fernández & Bogarín, Webbia 76: 67. 2021.

    Type. COSTA RICA, Cartago: Paraíso, Orosi, Tapantí, Parque Nacional Tapantí, sendero Oropéndola, epiphytic along río Grande de Orosi in a premontain rainforest, 1330 m, 25 September 2015, M.Fernández et al. 1080 (Holotype: JBL [spirit, J0159]).

49. Andreettaea tempestalis (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis tempestalis Luer, Selbyana 3: 396. 1977. Specklinia tempestalis (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 259. 2001. Muscarella tempestalis (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 120. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe, between Loja and Zamora, 2800 m, 6 Mar 1977, C.Luer, J.Luer, & K.Cordoba 1570 (Holotype: SEL).

50. Andreettaea trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis trullifera Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 11: 190. 1996. Specklinia trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264. 2004. Muscarella trullifera (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 120. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, Cordillera del Condor, east of Guisme, 1650 m, 21 May 1988, C.Luer, A.Hirtz, W.Flores, A.Andreetta, & W.Teague 13549 (Holotype: MO).

51. Andreettaea tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis tsubotae Luer & R.Escobar, Orquideologia 20: 88. 1996. Specklinia tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264. 2004. Muscarella tsubotae (Luer & R.Escobar) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 121. 2006.

    Type. HORTICULTURE: reportedly from Colombia, Risaralda, near Pereira, flowered in cultivation by S. Tsubota near Pereira, 10 May 1993, C.Luer 16763 (Holotype: MO).

52. Andreettaea villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis villosilabia Luer & Hirtz, Selbyana 23: 41. 2002. Specklinia villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 264. 2004. Muscarella villosilabia (Luer & Hirtz) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 122. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago, west of Macas, along new road toward Guamote, 2300 m, 2 Mar 2001, C.Luer, J.Luer, & A.Hirtz 19622 (Holotype: MO).

53. Andreettaea werneri (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Muscarella werneri Luer Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 122. 2006. Specklinia werneri (Luer) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 122: 77. 2014.

    Type. ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe, between Loja and Zamora, near Estacion Cientifica San Francisco, 2100 m, 2 Oct 2004, F.A.Werner 1180 (Holotype: QCNE; isotype: MO).

54. Andreettaea xanthella (Luer) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis xanthella Luer, Selbyana 1: 300. 1975. Specklinia xanthella (Luer) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16: 260. 2001. Muscarella xanthella (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 123. 2006.

    Type. ECUADOR: Napo, west of Tena, 600 m, 26 July 1975, C.Luer, G.Luer, & S.Wilhelm 456 (Holotype: SEL).

55. Andreettaea xyloura (Luer & Hirtz) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Muscarella xyloura Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 123. 2006. Pleurothallis xyloura (Luer & Hirtz) Pfahl, Internet Orchid Sp. Photo Encycl. Nomencl. Notes 2: 1. 2013. Specklinia xyloura (Luer & Hirtz) J.M.H.Shaw, Orchid Rev. 122: 77. 2014.

    Type. ECUADOR: Napo, between Rio Jatunyacu and Pano, 800 m, 22 Feb 2004, A.Hirtz & X.Hirtz 8683 (Holotype: MO).

56. Andreettaea zephyrina (Rchb.f.) A.Doucette, comb. nov.

    Basionym: Pleurothallis zephyrina Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3: 71 (1855). Humboltia zephyrina Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 668. 1891. Trichosalpinx zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, Phytologia 54: 398. 1983. Specklinia zephyrina (Rchb.f.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 265. 2004.

    Type. COLOMBIA: Santander, Aspasica, H.Wagener s.n. (Lectotype: W; isolectotype: K). Notes: Lectotypes designated by Luer (2006) as “Holotype” and “Isotype;” no indication of the type specimens other than locality, "Aspasica," in the protologue.