!Calanthe triplicata [Willemet] Ames 1907 SUBGENUS Calanthe SECTION Calanthe SERIES Triplicata
Photo by Dale and Deni Borders.
Photo by Patricia Harding.
Photo by © Eric Hunt
Plant and Flowers in situ Mt Kinabalu Borneo
Photo by © Rogier Van Vugt and His PBase Orchid Photo Website
Common Name The Thrice Folded Calanthe - The Christmas Orchid [Australia] - In China San Zhe Xia Ji Lan
Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]
Found from Mauritus, Madagascar, Seychelles, Assam, eastern Himalayas, lower India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia Laos, Cambodia, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces of China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Bismark Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Norfolk Island, New South Wales, and Queensland Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futna, Marquesas, Santa Cruz Islands, Caroline Islands, the Marianas Islands, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands as a medium to giant sized, warm to cool growing terrestrial in broadleafed, humid, primary forests in crevasses in karst limestone with rich humus soil in humid, shady conditions at elevations of 500 to 1500 meters with ovoid pseudobulbs carrying 3 to 6, ovate-lanceolate, to elliptic-lanceolate, plicate, prominently ribbed, long petiolate leaves that are pubescent beneath and blooms from a mature pseudobulb as a new one arises in the spring through fall on a minutely pubescent, 7' [210 cm] long, racemose inflorescence with successive opening flowers that are congested at the apex and much longer than the leaves.
Synonyms Alismorkis angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) Kuntze 1891; Alismorkis diploxiphion (Hook.f.) Kuntze 1891; Alismorkis furcata O.Ktze. 1891; Alismorkis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891; Alismorkis veratrifolia [Willd.] Kuntze 1891; Amblyglottis veratrifolia Blume 1825; Bletia quadrifida Hook.f. 1890; Calanthe anchorifera Rchb.f. 1883; Calanthe angraeciflora Rchb.f. 1876; Calanthe anthropophora Ridl. 1915; Calanthe australasica D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2006; Calanthe bracteosa Rchb.f. 1882; Calanthe brevicolumna Hayata 1911; Calanthe breviflos Ridl. 1925; Calanthe catilligera Rchb.f. 1857; Calanthe colorans Rchb.f. 1885; Calanthe comosa Rchb. f. 1847; Calanthe diploxiphion Hook.f. 1890; Calanthe furcata Bateman ex Lindley 1838; Calanthe furcata f. albolineata K.Nakaj. 1969; Calanthe furcata f. albolineata K.Nakaj. 1971; Calanthe furcata f. albomarginata K.Nakaj. 1969; Calanthe furcata f. albomarginata K.Nakaj. 1971; Calanthe furcata f. brevicolumna (Hayata) M.Hiroe 1971; Calanthe gracillima Lindl. 1855; Calanthe matsamurana Schltr. 1906; Calanthe nephroglossa Schltr. 1911; Calanthe orthocentron Schltr. 1912; Calanthe perrottetii A. Rich. 1841; Calanthe petri Rchb.f. 1880; Calanthe proboscidea Rchb.f. 1884; Calanthe pubescens Ridl. 1923; Calanthe rubicallosa Masam. 1975; Calanthe triantherifera Nadeaud 1873; Calanthe triplicata f. albomarginata (K.Nakaj.) K.Nakaj. 1973; Calanthe triplicata f. purpureoflora S.S.Ying 1990; Calanthe triplicata var. angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) N.Halle 1977; Calanthe triplicata var. gracillima (Lindl.) N.Hallé 1998; Calanthe triplicata [Willem.]Ames 1907 var minahassae Schltr. 1925; Calanthe undulata Schltr. 1912; Calanthe veratrifolia [Willd.]R. Br. 1823; Calanthe veratrifolia var. australis Linden 1851; Calanthe veratrifolia var denisimma J.J.Sm. 1931; Calanthe veratrifolia [Willd.]R. Br. 1823 var dupliciloba J.J.Sm. 1922; Calanthe veratrifolia var incurvicalca J.J.Sm. 1931; Calanthe veratrifolia var. kennyi F.M.Bailey 1912; Calanthe veratrifolia [Willd.]R. Br. 1823 var lancipetala J.J.Sm. 1930; Calanthe veratrifolia var. stenochila Rchb.f. 1897; Calanthe veratrifolia var timorensis J.J.Sm. 1934; Flos triplicata Rumph 1750; Limodorum ventricosum Steud. 1821; Limodorum veratrifolium Willd. 1797; *Orchis triplicata Willem. 1796; Paracalanthe megalophora (Franch.) Miyabe & Kudô 1932
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857 as C catilligera; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857 as C veratrifolia; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Fascile 2 Ames 1908; Atlas des Orchidees Cultivees Constantin 1920 as C veratrifolia drawing fide; Icones Plantarum Vol 22 Hooker 1892 as C diploxiphon drawing fide; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 1 Ames 1905 as C furcata; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905 C veratrifolia; Die Orchideen Von Java Figuren Atlas J.J.Smith 1908 drawing fide; Orchidaceae of German New Guinea Schlechter 1912[1985] as C orthocentron drawing good; ; Orchidaceae of German New Guinea Schlechter 1912[1985] as C veratrifolia drawing good; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as C veratrifolia photo good; Orchids of Malaya Holttum 1957 as C pubescens; Flora of Malaya Vol 1 Holttum 1957 as C veratrifolia darwing fide; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitnand 1961 as C antropophora; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitnand 1961 as C veratrifolia drawing good; AOS Bulletin Vol 32 No 11 1963 photo fide; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1965 corrections; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as C veratrifolia drawing ok; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965/85 as C furcata; AOS Bulletin Vol 35 No 4 1966; Orchids of Australia Nicholls 1969 drawing fide; Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands Garay & Sweet 1974 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 44 #9 1975 as C furcata; Dansk Botanisk Arkiv Bind 29 Nr 2 Seidenfaden 1975 drawing good; Dansk Botanisk Arkiv Bind 29 Nr 2 Seidenfaden 1975 as C anthropophora Drawing good; Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependences Vol 8 Orchidaceae Halle 1977 as C triplicata var anraeciflora drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 11 1978 photo fide; The Orchids of Papua New Guinea An Introduction Millar 1978 photo ok; Indian Orchids, Guide to Identification and Culture vol 2 Pradhan 1979 drawing fide; Orchid Digest Vol 45 No 4 1981 photo fide; The Complete Writings on Philippine Orchids Vol 1 Quisumbing 1981 as C furcata; A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Dassanayake & Fosberg 1981 drawing fide;AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 12 1982 stamp fide; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas # 43-46 Thuniinae etc 1984 drawing ok; Die Orchideen Band 3 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas Liferung #14 820 - 880 1984 drawing/photo ok; Orchidiana Philipiniana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; Orchids of Nilgiris Joseph 1987 drawing fide; Simon & Schuster's Guide to Orchids Schuler 1988; Orchids of Vanuatu Lewis & Cribb 1989; Orchids of Java Comber 1990 photo ok; Orchids of Lowland Papua New Guinea O'Byrne 1991 drawing/photo fide; The Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville Lewis & Cribb 1991 drawing/photo fide; An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1982; Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands Raulerson & Rinehart 1992 photo fide; The Manual of Cultivated Orchids Bechtel, Cribb and Laurent 1992 drawing/photo fide; Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Woods 1992 drawing/photo fide; The Plants of Mount Kinabalu Vol 2 Orchids Wood Beaman & Beaman 1993; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994 drawing good; Identification of the Orchids [Orchidaceae Juss.] Vietnam Averyanov 1994; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Native Orchids of New Caledonia Societe' Neo-Caledonienne D' Orchidophile 1995; The Orchids of Samoa Cribb & Whistler 1996 photo fide; Wild Orchids of China Tsi, Chen Mori 1997; Orchids of Papua New Guinea Millar 1999 photo fide; Native Orchids of China in Colour Chen, Tsi and Luo 1999 photo fide; Oasis Vol 1 No 2 2000 photo; Lindleyana Vol 15 No 4 2000; A to Z of SE Asian Orchids O'Byrne 2001 photo fide; A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001 photo fide; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001 photo fide; Orchids of Sarawak Beeman, Wood & Beaman etal 2001 Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002 as C celibica; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2002; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002 photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; Wild Orchids in Myanamar Vol 2 Tanaka 2004; Flora's Orchids Nash 7 La Croix 2005; A field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2005 photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of New Guinea Vol III Shuiteman and de Vogel 2005; Native Australian Orchids Jones 2006 as C australasica photo good; The Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007 drawing hmm; Wild Orchids of the Cameron Highlands REACH 2009 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 73 #3 2009 photo fide; Native Orchids From Gaoligongshan Maountains, China Xiaohua, Xiaodong and Xiaochun 2009 photo fide; A Field Guide to the Orchids of China Singchi, Zhongjian, Yibo, Xiaohua and Zhanhuo 2009 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing fide; The Atlas of Wild Orchids in Hainan Island, China Shenyan and Junmei 2010 photo fide; The Wild Orchids in Yunnan Xu Xiang Ye & Liu 2010 photos fide; Philippine Native Orchid Species Cootes 2011 photo fide; The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu Vol 2 Wood, Beaman, Lamb, Chu Lun and Beaman 2011; Wild Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Ong, O'Byrne, Yong & Saw 2011 as C pubescens photo fide; Wild Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Ong, O'Byrne, Yong & Saw 2011 photo fide; The Wild Orchids of Hong Kong Barretto, Cribb and Gale 2011 drawing/photo fide; The Genus Calanthe Clayton & Cribb 2013 drawing/photo fide; Orchids of Odisha Misra 2014; AOS Bulletin Vol 85 #3 2016 as Calanthe veratrifolia drawing fide; Malesian Orchid Journal Vol 17 2016 drawing/photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 81 #2 2017 photo fide; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 2 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;
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