Cephalanthera rubra (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1818
Photo by Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe
Photo by Dr W Jurgen Schrenk
LATE
to EARLY 
Common Name The Red Cephalanthera - The Red Hellebourne
Flower Size 3/4" [1.95 cm]
Found in Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Portugal, SPain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Czechloslavakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Balaeric Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Yugoslavia, Albania, Eastern Aegean Islands, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, Western Russia, Central Russia, Algeria, Morocco, Turkemenistan and Iran as a medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with an erect, slender, pubescent stem with brown basal leaf sheaths and carrying 3 to 8, oblong-lanceolaate below and linear-lanceolate above leaves that blooms in the late spring and early summer on an apical, to 4" [10 cm] long, lax, few to several [6 to 12] flowered inflorescence with flowers that do not open fully.
Synonyms Cephalanthera comosa Tineo 1843; Cephalanthera rubra f. alba Raynaud 1985; Cephalanthera rubra f. comosa (Tineo) Robatsch 2000; Cephalanthera rubra f. latior Zapal. 1906; Cephalanthera rubra f. parviflora (Harz) Soó 1928; Cephalanthera rubra f. tenczyniensis (Zapal.) Soó 1928; Cephalanthera rubra lusus albiflora (Harz) Touss. & Hosch. 1898; Cephalanthera rubra var. comosa (Tineo) Nyman 1882; Cephalanthera rubra var. leucantha Bordz, 1950; Cephalanthera rubra var. tenczyniensis Zapal. 1906; Cymbidium rubrum Sw. 1799; Dorycheile rubra Fuss 1866; Epipactis purpurea Crantz 1769; Epipactis rubra All. 1791; Epipactis rubra (L.) F.W.Schmidt 1795; Epipactis rubra lusus albiflora Harz 1896; Epipactis rubra lusus parviflora Harz 1896; Epipactis rubra var. parviflora (Harz) W.Zimm. 1912; Helleborine rubra (L.) Schrank 1814; Limodorum rubrum (L.) Kuntze 1891; *Serapias rubra Linne 17?
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915; Atlas des Orchidees Cultivees Constantin 1920 drawing fide; Wild Orchids of Britain Summerhayes 1951; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; AOS bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 5 257- 320 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1974 drawing/photo ok; AOS Bulletin Vol 50 No 10 1981 photo fide; An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1982; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 6 1985 photo fide; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Botanica's Orchids Laurel Glen 2003; Flora's Orchids Nash & La Croix 2005; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle east Delforge 2005; AOS Bulletin Vol 77 No 6 2008 photo fide; Orchideen Series C Band 74 Thiv & Worz 2012 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 83 #7 2014 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #5 2017 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 83 #2 2019 photo fide; The Orchid Review Vol 1278 No 1330 June 2020 photo fide;
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