Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

Inflorescence Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

White Flower Variety Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

LATE to EARLY

D maculata Group

Common Name The Spotted Dactylorhiza

Flower Size about 3/4" [to 2 cm]

Found in the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Ireland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Belgium, Netherland, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, most of Russia to western Siberia and Ontario Canada in meadows, woodland edges, clearings, peat bogs at elevations up to 2300 meters as a medium sized, cold growing terrestrial with a slender, solid to slightly hollow, grooved and washed violet at the tip stem carrying 5 to 12, linear-lanceolate, ovate or oblong, plain greeen or spotted leaves that blooms in the late spring and early summer on a terminal, erect, 2 to 5" [5 to 12.5 cm] long, densly many [15 to 50] flowered, racemose inflorescence with rather short, leaflike bracts.

Synonyms Dactylorchis elodes (Griseb.) Verm. 1947; Dactylorchis maculata (Linne) Vermeulen 1947; Dactylorhiza maculata f. brevicalcarata (Rohlena) Soó 1970 publ. 1971; Dactylorchis maculata subsp. arduennensis Zadoks 1954; Dactylorchis maculata subsp. elodes (Griseb.) Verm. ?; Dactylorchis maculata subsp. ericetorum (E.F.Linton) Verm. 1947; Dactylorchis maculata subsp. islandica Á.Löve & D.Löve 1948; Dactylorchis maculata subsp. montellii Verm. 1947; Dactylorchis maculata var. angustiflora Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. candidissima (Krock.) Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. compacta Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. concolor Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. densiflora Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. ericetorum (E.F.Linton) Verm. 1958; Dactylorchis maculata var. grandiflora Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. heuffelii Borsos & Soó 1959; Dactylorchis maculata var. hunyadensis Borsos & Soó 1959; Dactylorchis maculata var. ibericoides Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. immaculata (Schur) Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. laxiflora Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. lineata Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. ovalifolia (Beck) Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. spathulata Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. terschellingensis Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. traunsteineriifolius Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. vespertilio (Lindm.) Verm. 1949; Dactylorchis maculata var. vulgaris Verm. 1949; Dactylorhiza battandieri Raynaud 1985; Dactylorhiza elodes (Griseb.) Aver. 1982; Dactylorhiza elodes (Griseb.) Englmaier 1984; Dactylorhiza ericetorum (E.F.Linton) Aver. 1981; Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. meyeri (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov 2004; Dactylorhiza islandica (Á. Löve & D. Löve) Aver.1984; Dactylorhiza kolaensis (Montell) Aver. 1984; Dactylorhiza maculata f. angustiflora (Verm.) Soó 1970 publ. 1971; Dactylorhiza maculata f. arduennensis (Zadoks) P.Delforge 2011; Dactylorhiza maculata f. brevicalcarata (Rohlena) Soó 1970 publ. 1971; Dactylorhiza maculata lus. albicans (Thielens) Soó 1970 publ. 1971; Dactylorhiza maculata lus. carnea (Thielens) Soó 1970 publ. 1971; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. arduennensis (Zadoks) Tournay 1967; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. austriaca Voth 1978; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. averyanovii Jagiello 1990; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. battandieri (Raynaud) H.Baumann & Künkele 1988; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. deflexa Landwehr 1975; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. elodes (Griseb.) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum (E.F.Linton) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. 1965 ; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. islandica (Á.Löve & D.Löve) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. kolaensis (Montell) Kreutz 2004; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. osmanica (Klinge) H.Sund. 1980; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. podesta (Landwehr) Kreutz 2000; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. pyrenaica Kreutz 2007; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. rhoumensis (Hesl.-Harr.f.) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. savogiensis (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz 2004; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. schurii (Klinge) Soó 1967; Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica (Schur) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. arduennensis (Zadoks) Kreutz 2007; Dactylorhiza maculata var. averyanovii Jagiello 1986-1987 publ. 1988; Dactylorhiza maculata var. dalarnensis Landwehr 1975; Dactylorhiza maculata var. elodes (Griseb.) Aver. 2000; Dactylorhiza maculata var. hunyadensis (Borsos & Soó) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. kolaensis (Montell) Soó 1960; Dactylorhiza maculata var. olgae Soó 1960; Dactylorhiza maculata var. oreophila (Briq.) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. podesta Landwehr 1977; Dactylorhiza maculata var. praecox (Webster) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. pseudoelata Balayer 1986; Dactylorhiza maculata var. sacciferoides (Klinge ex Schulze) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. schurii (Klinge) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. submacrostachys Borsos ex Soó 1960; Dactylorhiza maculata var. transsilvanica (Schur) P.Delforge 2000; Dactylorhiza maculata var. traunsteineriifolius (Harz) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza maculata var. wettsteinii (H.Fleischm.) Soó 1962; Dactylorhiza montellii (Verm.) P.Delforge 1990; Dactylorhiza savogiensis D.Tyteca & Gathoye 1990; Dactylorhiza savogiensis f. pyrenaica (Kreutz) P.Delforge 2008; Dactylorhiza schurii (Klinge) Aver. 1984; Dactylorhiza transsilvanica (Schur) Aver. 1982; Orchis angustifolia f. schurii Klinge 1893; Orchis basilica L. ex Klinge 1898; Orchis basilica subsp. maculata (L.) Klinge 1898; Orchis biermannii Ortm. 1850; Orchis calvellii A.Terracc. 1889-1890; Orchis candidissima Krock. 1814; Orchis comosa F.W.Schmidt 1795; Orchis elodes Griseb. 1845; Orchis macedonica Griseb. 1846; *Orchis maculata Linne 1753; Orchis maculata Thielens 1875; Orchis maculata immaculata Schur 1870; Orchis maculata f. bracteosa Harz 1896; Orchis maculata f. brevicalcarata Rohlena 1931; Orchis maculata f. depressa Engenst. 1912; Orchis maculata f. macroglossa Druce 1919; Orchis maculata f. ovalifolia Beck 1890; Orchis maculata lusus calvellii (A.Terracc.) Soó 1928; Orchis maculata f. carpatica Zapal. 1906; Orchis maculata f. falcata A.Fuchs 1919; Orchis maculata f. lancifolia Harz 1896; Orchis maculata f. leucantha Druce 1915 publ. 1916; Orchis maculata f. media E.G.Camus 1908; Orchis maculata f. obtusifolia Schur 1853; Orchis maculata f. sacciferoides (Klinge ex Schulze) Soó 1928; Orchis maculata f. schurii (Klinge) Soó 1927; Orchis maculata f. subintegriflora Druce 1921; Orchis maculata f. traunsteineriifolius Harz 1896; Orchis maculata f. wettsteinii (H.Fleischm.) Soó 1927; Orchis maculata subsp. baborica Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis maculata subsp. elodes (Griseb.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001; Orchis maculata subsp. meyeri (Rchb.f.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001; Orchis maculata subsp. transsilvanica (Schur) Soó 1926; Orchis maculata var. albicans Marchand ex Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. alpina Schur 1853; Orchis maculata var. angustata Harz 1896; Orchis maculata var. angustifolia Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. biermannii (Ortmann) Nyman 1882; Orchis maculata var. candidissima (Krock.) Nyman 1890; Orchis maculata var. carnea Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. comosa Schur 1853; Orchis maculata var. elabiata R.Keller 1904; Orchis maculata var. elodes (Griseb.) Rchb.f. 1851; Orchis maculata var. foliis-immaculatis Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. gruenii Van Heurck & Wesm. 1861; Orchis maculata var. hunyadensis (Borsos & Soó) Pauca 1972; Orchis maculata var. kolaensis Montell 1947; Orchis maculata var. longibracteata Schur 1870; Orchis maculata var. macrobracteata Borbás 1883 Orchis maculata var. minor Bréb. 1879; Orchis maculata var. montana Marchand ex Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. ochrantha Pancic 1856; Orchis maculata var. olgae (Soó) Pauca 1972; Orchis maculata var. oreophila Briq. 1912; Orchis maculata var. paludosa Marchand ex Tinant 1836; Orchis maculata var. praecox Webster 1886;Orchis maculata var. pumila Neuman 1909; Orchis maculata var. sacciferoides Klinge ex Schulze 1902; Orchis maculata var. sandomiriensis Zapal. 1906; Orchis maculata var. schurii (Klinge) Pauca 1972; Orchis maculata var. transsilvanica (Schur) Nyman 1890; Orchis maculata var. vespertilio Lindm. 1897; Orchis maculata var. vexillum Lindm. 1897; Orchis nemorosa Montandon 1868; Orchis nesogenes (Briq.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud 1912; Orchis obtusifolia Schur 1853; Orchis ochrantha Fleischm. 1908 publ. 1909; Orchis solida Moench 1794; Orchis tetragona Heuff. 1833; Orchis transsilvanica Schur 1853

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Otia Botanica Hamburgensia Rchb.f 1881 as Orchis maculata; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915 as Orchis maculata photo ok; Atlas des Orchidees Cultivees Constantin 1920 as Orchis maculata drawing fide; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as Orchis maculata photo ok; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 4 193 to 256 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1973 drawing column only; The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada Luer 1975 drawing/photos fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo fide; Schlechteriana Vol 2 No 3 1991 as D maculata subs islandica photo fide; Rudolf Schlechter Die Orchideen Band 1C lieferung 40 pg 2492 - 2564 Brieger 2000 ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; Orchid Digest Vol 73 #1 2009 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol #9 2019 as D maculata subsp islandica photo fide;

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