Epidendrum tumuc-humaciense (Veyret) Carnevali & G.A.Romero 1996 GROUP Nocturnum

Photo by © J J de Granville and The AMO Herbaria Website

Drawing

Drawing by © Bennett & Christenson

Common Name The Tumuc Humac Epidendrum [Mountain range in northern Brazil]

Flower Size 1.2” [3 cm]

Found in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, northern Brazil and Peru in wet montane forests in sandy or clay loam at elevations of 100 to 1980 meters as a large sized, hot to cool growing terrestrial or occasional epiphyte with caespitose, erect, laterally compressed stems carrying 3 to 5, towards the apex, oblong-elliptic to oval, basally clasping leaves that blooms at most any time of the year on an abbreviated, sub-umbellate, pluri-racemose, successively 1 to rarely 2, several flowered inflorescence with much shorter than the ovary, amplexicaul, triangular, acute floral bracts and carrying resupinate, color variable flowers commonly with pale green to yellowish white sepals and petals, less commonly muddy yellow.

"Epidendrum tumuc-humaciense is part of GROUP Nocturnum Characterized by the simple stems carrying large star-shaped flowers usually with a 3-lobed lip. The species is recognized by the laterally compressed stems, numerous erect leaves distributed throughout the stems, the basal ones generally longer, green to reddish, occasionally deep wine-red, solitary, successive flowers; ovary generally 3.2 to 4" [80 to 100 mm] long, and the body of the capsule occupying the apical half of the fruit, the body sub-globose, with basal peduncle half the length of the fruit, the apical neck short. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics at lower altitudes, has terete stems, few leaves, distributed throughout the apical 2/3; the ovary shorter, 2 to 2-8" [50 to 70 mm], body of the capsule occupying most of the length of the fruit and centered, both peduncle and apical neck short. Epidendrum carpophorum Barb.Rodr. is found along the Atlantic lowlands of Venezuela, Guyana down to southeastern Brazil, the stems have few, wide leaves 1 to 2.4" [2.5 to 6 cm] wide distributed along the apical half of the laterally compressed stem, capsule is located slightly beyond the apical middle. Epidendrum erectum Brieger & Bicalho, in the states of Goiás and Mina Garais, Brazil, has densely aggregate leaves along the apical 2/3 of the stems, a shorter ovary, generally 1-6 to 2.4" [45 to 60 mm] long, and the body of the capsule located at the middle of the ovary." Hagsatere etal 2015

Synonyms *Epidendrum nocturnum var. tumuc-humaciense Veyret 1983

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Inventaire Taxominique des Plantes de la Guyane Francaise Vol II Les Orchidaceaes Cremers and Hoff 1992 as E nocturnum var tumac-humaciense; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 51 Bennett & Christenson 1993 as E nocturnum var tumac-humaciense drawing fide; Orchids of French Guiana Szlachetko, Veyret, etal 2012 drawing fide; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1520 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1523 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15[1] Plate 1566 Hagsater & Santiago 2015 drawing/photo fide; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1561 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1565 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [2] Plate 1576 Hagsater & Sanchez 2016 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [2] Plate 1594 Hagsater & Sanchez 2016 see recognition section; Orquideas, Tesoro de Colombia Vol 2 Ortiz & Uribe 2017 photo pk; Icones Orchidacearum 18(1) plate 1822 2020 see recognition section

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