Ophrys fusca Link 1799 Photo by F.Dusak and the Orchids of France and Europe
O bilunulata France Photo by Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe
O forestieri Southern France Italy Photo by Francois Rion and the Orchids of France and Europe
LATE
and 
Common Name The Brownish Ophyrs - In France - Ophrys sombre - In Germany - Brenne-ragwurz
Flower Size about 1.25" [to 3.2 cm]
Found in Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Sardinia, Italy, Malta, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco at elevations of sea level to 1500 meters as a miniature to small sized, cold growing terrestrial with 4 to 6 basal, oblong-lanceolate to ovate leaves that blooms in late winter and spring on a 12" [30 cm] long, 1 to 10 flowered inflorescence with the flowers all held in the upper third..
Synonyms Arachnites fusca Tod. 1893; Ophrys africana G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche 2001; Ophrys arnoldii P.Delforge 1999; Ophrys attaviria Rückbrodt & Wenker 1990; Ophrys bilunulata Risso 1844; Ophrys blitopertha Paulus & Gack 1998; Ophrys cinereophila Paulus & Gack 1998; Ophrys creberrima Paulus 1998; Ophrys cressa Paulus 1998; Ophrys creticola Paulus 1998; Ophrys ficuzzana H.Baumann & Künkele 1986; Ophrys funerea Viviani 1824; Ophrys fusca subsp. akhdarensis B.Baumann & H.Baumann 2001; Ophrys fusca subsp. blitopertha (Paulus & Gack) Faurh. & H.A.Pedersen 2002; Ophrys fusca subsp. creberrima (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar 2002; Ophrys fusca subsp. cressa (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar 2002; Ophrys fusca subsp. creticola (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar 2002; Ophrys fusca subsp. thriptiensis (Paulus) H.Kretzschmar 2002; Ophrys fusca var. forestieri Rchb. f 1851; Ophrys fusca var. maculata Balayer 1986; Ophrys fusca var. rubescens Balayer 1986; Ophrys holoserica subsp. maxima (H. Fleischmann) Greuter 1967; Ophrys lupercalis Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994; Ophrys marmorata G.Foelsche & W.Foelsche 1998; Ophrys myodes Lapeyr. 1813; Ophrys nicotiae Zodda 1900; Ophrys obaesa Lojac. 1909; Ophrys obscura Beck 1879; Ophrys oestrifera Rchb. 1830; Ophrys parosica P.Delforge 1995; Ophrys pectus Mutel 1835; Ophrys peraiolae G.Foelsche & al. 2000; Ophrys peraiolae var. rubra G.Foelsche & al. 2000; Ophrys phaseliana D.Rückbr. & U.Rückbr. 1996; Ophrys sphegodes subsp. moesziana Soó 1927; Ophrys sulcata Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994; Ophrys thriptiensis Paulus 1998; Ophrys tricolor Desf. ex Nyman 1882; Ophrys truncata Dulac 1867; Ophrys zonata Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 4 193 to 256 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1973; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 #4 1985; Orchid Digest Vol 66 #3 2002 photo fide; Ophyrs The Bee Orchids of Europe Pederson & Faurholdt 2007; Orchid Digest Vol 72 #2 2008 as O phaselina photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 78 #3 2009 as O sulcata photo fide; Mille et Une Mini Orchideees Roguenant 2009 photo good; Orchid Digest Vol 83 #2 2019 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 88 #9 2019 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 88 #9 2019 as O fusca subsp calocaerinaphoto fide;
Ophrys fusca subsp. funerea (Viviani) Nyman 1882
LATEand
Common Name The Funeral Ophrys
Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]
Found in Corsica, Sardinia and Italy in abandoned cultivation, garrigue, scrub and open woodland at elevations up to 900 meters as a small sized, cold growing terrestrial blooms in the late winter and spring.
Synonyms *Ophrys funerea Viviani 1824
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Ophyrs The Bee Orchids of Europe Pederson & Faurholdt 2007 Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005 as O funerea
Ophrys fusca subsp. iricolor (Desf.) O.Schwarz 1934
Another Color Variety Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe
O eleonorae Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe
LATEand
Flower Size 1.4" [3.2 cm]
A miniature to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid occuring in the Balaeric Islands, Sardinia, the Aegean Islands, Greece, Crete, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Malta in scrub, open woodlands and garrigue at elevations up to 1100 meters as a small to large sized, cold growing terrestrial with 3 to 4 basal, ovate to ovate-lanceolate leaves that blooms in late winter and spring on a terminal, 4 to 28" [10 to 70 cm] long, 1 to 4 flowered inflorescence.
Synonyms Ophrys astypalaeica P.Delforge 1997; Ophrys eleonorae J. & P. Devillers-Terschuren 1991; Ophrys fusca f. maxima Terracciano ; Ophrys fusca subsp. iricolor (Desfontaines) K. Richter 1934; Ophrys fusca var. iricolor (Desf.) Rchb. 1851; Ophrys iricolor Desfontaines 1807; Ophrys iricolor subsp. eleonorae (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Paulus & Gack 1995; Ophrys iricolor subsp. vallesiana (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Paulus & Gack 1995; Ophrys mesaritica Paulus, C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis 1990; Ophrys vallesiana Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers 1994
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 #4 1985; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005 as O astypalaeica; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; Ophyrs The Bee Orchids of Europe Pederson & Faurholdt 2007; Orchid Digest Vol 72 #2 2008 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 76 #1 2012 as O mesaritica photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 88 #9 2019 photo fide;
Ophrys fusca subsp. pallida (Rafinesque) E.G. Camus 1929
LATEand
Flower Size .8" [2 cm]
Found in northwestern Sicily, northeastern Algeria, Malta and Tunisia at elevations of sea level to 1500 meters as a minature to just medium sized, cold growing terrestrial with a slender stem carrying a few basal leaves that blooms in the winter through spring on a terminal, 2 to 6 flowered, dense racemose inflorescence.
Synonyms Arachnites pallida Tod. 1842; Ophrys pallida Rafinesque 1810
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Ophyrs The Bee Orchids of Europe Pederson & Faurholdt 2007 AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985 as O pallida photo fide; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005 as O pallida
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
