!Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817
Photos By Jay Pfahl
LATE
to EARLY 
Common Name The Two-Leafed Platanthera - The Lesser Butterfly Orchid - In China Xi Ju She Chun Lan
Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]
Found in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Western Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Russia, Western Siberia, Algeria, Tunisia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran and Mongolia in short grasslands, moorlands, open woodlands and sometimes marshes at elevations up to 2500 meters as a miniature to giant sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with a spindly, stem carrying 2 to 3, basal, near erect to spreading, broadly ellioptic to oval, shiny green leaves that blooms in the late spring and early summer on an erect, terminal, 1 3/4' [50 cm] long, simply racemose, laxly many flowered inflorescence and carrying large, fragrant [especially at night] flowers.
Synonyms Conopsidium platantherum Wallr. 1840; Conopsidium stenantherum Wallr. 1840 ; Gymnadenia bifolia G.F.W. Meyer 1836; Habenaria bifolia (L.) R. Br. 1813; Habenaria chloroleuca Ridl. 1885; Habenaria fornicata Bab. 1836; Habenaria virescens Druce 1907; Lysias bifolia Salisb. 1812; Orchis alba Lam. 1795; *Orchis bifolia Linne 1763; Orchis bifolia var. brachyglossa Wallr. 1822; Orchis bifolia var. latissima Tinant 1836; Orchis bifolia var. major Besser 1809; Orchis bifolia var. trifolia Gaudin 1829; Orchis bifolia var. trifoliata Tinant 1836; Orchis bifolia var. virens Tinant 1836; Orchis ochroleuca Ten. 1826; Orchis paucifolia Gaterau 1789; Orchis platanthera (Wallr.) E.H.L.Krause 1905; Orchis stenanthera (Wallr.) E.H.L.Krause 1905; Platanthera bifolia f. angustifolia Potonié 1912; Platanthera bifolia f. apetiolata Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia f. brachyglossa (Wallr.) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia f. bracteata Cortesi 1904; Platanthera bifolia f. brevicalcarata Verm.1949; Platanthera bifolia f. densiflora (Drejer) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia f. densispicata Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia f. grandiflora Hartm. ex Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia f. humilior Zapal. 1906; Platanthera bifolia f. latiflora (Drejer) Asch. & Graebn. 1907; Platanthera bifolia f. major Zapal. 1906; Platanthera bifolia f. multifoliolata Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia f. nudicaulis Beck 1890; Platanthera bifolia f. pervia (Peterm.) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia f. rotundata Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia f. subalpina (Brügger) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia f. trifoliata (Thielens) Pauca & A.Nyár. 1972; Platanthera bifolia lusus quadrifolia (Peterm.) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia lusus trifolia (Gaudin) Soó 1928; Platanthera bifolia subsp. atropatanica B.Baumann & al. 2003; Platanthera bifolia subsp. graciliflora Bisse 1963; Platanthera bifolia subsp. latiflora (Drejer) Lřjtnant 1978; Platanthera bifolia var. atropatanica (B.Baumann & al.) P.Delforge 2004; Platanthera bifolia var. brachyphylla Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia var. carducciana (Goiran) Hallier & Wohlf. 1905; Platanthera bifolia var. conferta Peterm. 1846; Platanthera bifolia var. latiflora (Drejer) E.G.Camus 1892; Platanthera bifolia var. laxa Peterm. 1846; Platanthera bifolia var. microglossa Zapal. 1906; Platanthera bifolia var. obtusifolia Schur 1866; Platanthera bifolia var. pervia (Peterm.) Asch. & Graebn. 1907; Platanthera bifolia var. quadrifolia Peterm.1846; Platanthera bifolia var. simonkaiana Soó 1927; Platanthera bifolia var. spathulata Vuyck ex Verm. 1949; Platanthera bifolia var. subalpina Brügger 1884; Platanthera bifolia var. tenuiflora (G.Mey.) Thell. 1914; Platanthera brachyglossa Rchb. 1831; Platanthera carducciana Goiran 1883; Platanthera chlorantha f. lancifolia (Rohlena) Soo 1828; Platanthera chlorantha var. wankelii (Rchb.) Nyman 1882; Platanthera lancifolia (Rohlena) A.W.Hill 1926; Platanthera major (Besser) Linding. 1928; Platanthera montana var. lancifolia Rohlena 1905; Platanthera pervia Peterm. 1846; Platanthera satyrioides Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach 1851; Platanthera schuriana Fuss 1868; Platanthera solstitialis Boenningh. 1830; Platanthera solstitialis var. brachyglossa (Wallr.) Nyman 1882; Platanthera solstitialis var. densiflora Drejer 1842; Platanthera solstitialis var. latiflora Drejer 1842; Platanthera solstitialis var. patula Drejer, Kroeyers 1842; Platanthera solstitialis var. pervia (Peterm.) Rchb.f. 1851; Platanthera solstitialis var. subalpina (Brügger) M.Schulze 1893; Platanthera solstitialis var. trifoliata Thielens 1894; Platanthera subalpina Brügger 1886; Platanthera viricimaculata Kraenzl. 1899; Platanthera wankelii Rchb. 1842; Satyrium bifolium (L.) Wahlenb. 1840; Sieberia bifolia (L.) Spreng. 1817
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915; Atlas des Orchidees Cultivees Constantin 1920 drawing fide; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 photo ok; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; Die Orchideen 3 Auflage Bd 1 Sonderabdruck aus Schlechter Lieferung 4 193 to 256 Brieger, Maatsch and Senghas 1973; Genera Orchidacearum Vol 2 Part One Pridgeon, Cribb, Chase and Rasmussen 2001 drawing fide; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Orquideologia Vol 27 #1 2010 drawing Fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Illustrations Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2010 drawing ok; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #9 2017 photo/drawings fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #4 2017 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #5 2017 photo ok; The Orchid Review Vol 1278 No 1330 June 2020 photo fide; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 1 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide
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