Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz 1799 SECTION Crumenata

Photo by © Eric Guinther and Wikimedia Website

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Common Name The Purse-Shaped Dendrobium - The Pigeon Orchid - The Bag-Shaped Dendrobium [refers to the saccate mentum] - In China Mu Shi Hu - In Thailand Ueang Mali - Wai Tamoi

Flower Size 2" or less [5 cm or less]

Found in Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumatra, New Guinea, Christmas Islands, Guam and the Philippines in semi-deciduous and deciduous dry lowland forests and savana-like woodlands at an altitude of sealevel to 500 meters and grows as a small to large sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte with spindle shaped, swollen basally for a few nodes, ridged, yellow with age stems that can branch, carrying, 4 to 19, thick, leathery, eventually deciduous leaves that will flower in the late winter, spring and summer on the upper nodes of the leafless older canes with several to many fragrant flowers, albeit for only a few hours, after a temperature drop and rain.

This species has a tendency to keiki and when there are 2 small pseudobulbs and a third starting they can be broken away from the old stem and mounted to a small branch. This species is often found in conjunction with ants and may benefit from their presence.

The photo above is exactly the same as Seidenfadden's drawing [fig 185] in The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Wood 1992

In Malacca, a state within Penninsular Malaysia the pounded leaves are applied to pimples and boils as a curative.

In Java the fruits of this species along with fruits [not necessarily all together] from Plocoglottis javanica, Bulbophyllum vaginatum and Hippeophyllum scortechnii; are boiled and the juice is applied into ones ears for an earache

Also in Java the flowers are ground to make a mixture to use for those with cholera.

This myrmecophilus species is often found in conjunction with ants and may benefit from their presence.

Synonyms *Angraecum crumenatum Rhump.; Aporum crumenatum (Sw.) Brieger 1981; Aporum kwashotense (Hayata) Rauschert 1983; Aporum papilioniferum (J.J.Sm.) Rauschert 1983; Aporum scalpelliforme (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rauschert 1983; Callista crumenatum [Sw.] O.Ktze. 1891; Ceraia papilionifera (J.J.Sm.) M.A.Clem. 2003; Ceraia parviflora (Ames & C.Schweinf.) M.A.Clem. 2003; Ceraia simplicissima Lour. 1791; Dendrobium caninum Merr. 1921; Dendrobium ceraia Lindley 1830; Dendrobium coninum Sw. ?; Dendrobium crumenatum var. parviflora Ames & C.Schweinf. 1920; Dendrobium cumulatum Krzl not Lindley ?; Dendrobium kwashotense Hayata 1914; Dendrobium papilioniferum J.J.Sm. 1905; Dendrobium schmidtianum Krzl. 1902; Dendrobium simplicissimum [Loureiro]Kraenzlin 1910; Epidendrum caninum Burm. f. 1768; Epidendrum ceraia Raeusch. 1797; Onychium crumenatum [Sw] Blume 1825

References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Bonplandia Rchb.f 1857; Otia Botanica Hamburgensia Rchb.f 1878; Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/1995; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Vol 1 Ames 1905; Die Orchideen Von Java J.J.Sm. 1905; Materials For a Flora of the Malayan Penninsula Part 1 Ridley 1907; Die Orchideen Von Java Figuren Atlas J.J.Sm. 1908 drawing fide; Studies in the Family Orchidaceae Fascile 2 Ames 1908; Orchidaceae Monandre-Dendrobiinae Fr. Kraenzlin 1910 drawing fide; Orchidaceae Monandre-Dendrobiinae Fr. Kraenzlin 1910 as D crumenatum var papilioniferum; Orchidaceae Monandre-Dendrobiinae Fr. Kraenzlin 1910 as D schmidtianum; Contributions to the Knowledge of the Orchid Flora of Sumatra Schlechter 1911; Die Orchideen Schlechter 1915; Die Orchideen 2 Auflage Schlechter 1927; Flora of Malaya Vol 1 Holttum 1953; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 # 5 1958 drawing fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 28 No 4 1959; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1960 as D schmidtianum; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1960 drawing/photo fide; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1965 corrections as D schmidtianum; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1965 corrections; Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965; Native Orchids of Taiwan Tsan-Piao Lin 1975 drawing/photo fide; Orquideologia Vol 12 3/4 1977/8; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978; Orchid Digest Vol 42 No 5 1978 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 48 No 3 1979 photo; Orchids of Asia Soon 1980 photo fide; Orquideologia Vol 15 #1 Luer & Escobar 1981; A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Dassanayake & Fosberg 1981 drawing fide; Die Orchideen lieferung 11/12 633 - 752 Brieger 1981 as Aporum crumenatum photo/drawing fide; The Complete Writings on Philippine Orchids Vol 1 Quisumbing 1981; Orchidiana Philippiana Vol 1 Valmayor 1984; ; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 # 8 1985 photo fide; Opera Botanica #83 Orchid Genera in Thailand XII Dendrobium Sw. Seidenfaden 1985 drawing/photo fide; Orchids of Java Comber 1990 as Onynchum crumenatum photo ok; Orchids Travel By Air A Pictoral Safari Mulder, Mulder-Roelfsema and Schuiteman 1990 photo fide; The Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville Lewis & Cribb 1991; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids Pridgeon 1992 photo fide; The Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia and Singapore Seidenfaden & Wood 1992 drawing fide; Orchids of Malaya Segerback 1992 photo fide; Thai Orchid Species Rakpaibulsombay 1992 photo fide; erns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands Raulerson & Rinehart 1992; The Plants of Mount Kinabalu Vol 2 Orchids Wood Beaman & Beaman 1993; Identification of the Orchids [Orchidaceae Juss.] Vietnam Averyanov 1994; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994 drawing fide; Manual of Orchids Stewart 1995; Orchid Species Culture; Dendrobium Bakers 1996; Orchid Species Culture; Dendrobium Bakers 1996 as D papilioniferum; Living with Orchids in Sumatra Landau 1996 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 63 #2 1999 photo fide; Orchid Australia Vol 12 No 1 2000 photo; Dendrobium and their Relatives Lavarack, Harris and Stocker 2000 photo fide; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2001 photo ok; A field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2001 photo fide; Orchids of Sarawak Beaman, Wood, Beaman & Beaman 2001; The Orchids of the Philippines Cootes 2001 photo ok; A to Z of South East Asian Orchid Species Vol 1 O'Byrne 2001 photo fide; Lindleyana Vol 17 No 1 2002; Botanica's Orchids 2002 photo fide; Flora Malesiana Orchids of the Philippines Vol I Agoo, Shuiteman and de Vogel 2003; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 8 2004; A field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand Vaddhanaphuti 2005 photo fide; The Dendrobiums H. P. Wood 2006 photo fide; Native Australian Orchids Jones 2006 as Ceraia saaronica photo fide; Orchids of India A Glimpse Misra 2007; Orchid Digest Vol 73 #3 2009 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Philippine Native Orchid Species Cootes 2009 photo fide; Malesian Orchid Journal Vol 6 2010 photo fide; The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu Vol 1 Wood, Beaman, Lamb, Chu Lun and Beaman 2011 drawing fide; The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu Vol 2 Wood, Beaman, Lamb, Chu Lun and Beaman 2011 photo good; Wild Orchids of Penninsular Malaysia Ong, O'Byrne, Yong & Saw 2011 photo fide; The Wild Orchids of Hong Kong Barretto, Cribb and Gale 2011 drawing/photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 81 #2 2012 photo fide; A Guide to the Dendrobium of Borneo Wood 2013 photo fide; Wild Orchids of Myanmar Hyan Tun [Mr Myanmar] 2014 Photo fide; A Guide to the Orchids of Myanmar Kurzweil & Lwin 2014 photo fide; Dendrobium of Borneo Wood 2014 photo/drawing fide; The Wild Orchids of Taiwan An Illustrated Guide Lin & Wang 2014 photo fide; Genera Orchidacearum Vol 6 Epidendrodeae Part 3 Pridgeon, Cribb, Chase and Rasmussen 2014; A Guide to the Dendrobium of the Philippines Cootes & Tiong 2015 photo fide; Malesian Orchid Journal Vol 18 2016 photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 86 #8 2017 photo fide; Orchid Digest Vol 83 #1 2019 photo fide; Flora of China Vol 25 Zhengyi, Raven & Deyuan 2009; Atlas of Native Orchids of China Vol 1 Jin Xiaohua, Li Jianwu and Ye Deping 2019 photo fide;

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