Pleurothallis erinacea Rchb. f. 1855 SUBGENUS Kraenzlinella [Kuntze] Luer 1986
Photo by © Gary Yong Gee and his Orchid Photo Website
Original Drawing by © Padre Pedro Ortiz Conserved at the Herbario de la Universidad Javeriana, Bogota Colombia
Drawing by © Carl Luer
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Common Name The Spined Pleurothallis [refers to the densly muricate ovary and seed capsule]
Flower Size 1/4 to 3/4" [7mm to 2 cm]
Found from Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Guyana, Surinam, Venzuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia in evergreen cloud forests and montane rain forests as a miniature to small sized, cool to warm growing, very shortly repent to caespitose epiphyte at elevations of 900 to 2000 meters with a short ramicaul bearing a single, tubular, acute, green sheath and a single apical, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, blunt, thickly coriaceous, narrowing below into the conduplicate, petiolate base leaf that blooms in the winter and spring on an erect, provided with 2 imbricating, close, long, acuminate bracts, peduncle 4 to 8.2" [10 to 18 cm] long, long, rachis about 8.8 to 12" [22 to 30 cm] long, racemose, subflexuous, distichous, loosely and successively several to many flowered inflorescence with lanceolate, shorter to a bit longer than the pedicel floral bracts and carrying the flowers held way above the leaves.
"This robust species is relatively frequent and widely distributed at relatively low to moderate altitudes in the forested mountains from southern Mexico into Bolivia. Although not recorded from Peru, it must certainly occur there. Throughout this wide range, it is somewhat variable in size and minor details of the flowers. It is characterized by the short, stout ramicaul and large, fleshy leaf; an elongating inflorescence producing large flowers continuously for as long as a year or longer; echinate ovaries; yellowish, sepals tall-carinate toward the apices; acute petals biauriculate at the base; and an unguiculate, verrucose lip with erose lobules at the base of the blade." Luer 1994
Synonyms Humboldtia erinacea (Rchb. f.) Kuntze 1891; Humboltia erinacea (Rchb. f.) Kuntze 1891; Kraenzlinella erinacea (Rchb.f.) Solano 2002 publ. 2003; Kraenzlinella muricata (Schltr.) Rolfe 1915; Kraenzlinella rufescens Rolfe 1916; Kraenzlinella sororia (Schltr.) Rolfe 1915; Pleurothallis diuturna Schltr. 1922; Pleurothallis muricata Schltr. 1912; Pleurothallis muricata T. Hashim. 1987; Pleurothallis rufescens (Rolfe) Schltr. 1921; Pleurothallis sororia Schltr. 1912
References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ;
Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 667 Kuntze 1891 as Humboltia erinacea;
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(251-253): 294 Schltr. 1912 as P sororia;
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(251-253): 294 Schltr. 1912 as P muricata;
Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 13: 35 T Hashim. 1987 as P muricata nom. illeg.;
Orchid Rev. 23: 326 Rolfe 1915 as Kraenzlinella muricata;
Orchid Rev. 23: 326 Rolfe 1915 as Kraenzlinella rufescens;
Orchid Rev. 23: 326 Rolfe 1915 as Kraenzlinella sororia;
Die Orchideen der Sudamerikanischen Kordillerenstaaten II Colombia Schlechter 1920 as P sororia;
Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 9: 142 Schlechter 1921 as P rufescens;
Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 17: 19. Panama Schlechter 1922 as P diuturna;
The Orchids of Panama L.O. Williams & P Allen 1946 as P muricata;
Orchids of Guatemala and Belize Ames & Correll 1952 as P muricata;
Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959 drawing good;
Encyclopedia of Cultivated Orchids Hawkes 1965 as P muricata;
AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 6 1969;
Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 2 1970 drawing fide;
Orchids of Venezuela, An Illustrated Field Guide Vol 3 Dunsterville & Garay 1979 drawing good;
Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 1097 Dodson 1984 drawing fide;
Icones Plerothallidinarum Vol III Systematics of Pleurothallis Luer 1986
Icones Plerothallidinarum Vol III Systematics of Pleurothallis Luer 1986 drawing fide;
Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Series II Orchids of Peru Plate 0156 Dodson & Bennett 1989 drawing fide;
Orchids Travel By Air A Pictoral Safari Mulder, Mulder-Roelfsema and Schuiteman 1990 photo fide;
Icones Orchidacearum I Plate 89 Hagsater & Salazar 1990 drawing fide;
Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 157 Bennett & Christenson 1993 drawing fide;
Orchids of Venezuela [An illustrated field guide] Vol. 3 Ramiro and Carnevali 2000 drawing good;
Orchids of Bolivia Vol 1 Pleurothallidinae Vasquez & Ibisch 2000 photo/drawing fide;
Icones Orchidacearum 5 & 6 XI Hagsater & Salazar 2002 publ 2003 as Kraenzlinella erinacea ;
Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003 photo fide;
Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica Vol 3 Hammel, Grayum, Herrera and Zamora 2003 darwing fide;
Orquideas Nativas del Tachira Cesar Fernandez 2003 photo fide;
Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana Vol 7 Steyermark, Berry, Yatskievych and Holst 2003;
AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 3 2004 photo fide;
Icones Pleurothallidinarum Vol XXVI Pleurothallis subgenus Acianthera and Three Allied subgenera, A Second Century of new Species of Stelis of Ecuador, Epibator, Ophidion and Zootrophion Luer 2004 as Kraenzlinella erinacea;
Orchids of Mexico Hagsater, Soto, Salazar, Jimenez Lopez & Dressler 2005 as Kraenzlinella erinacea photo fide;
Orchid Species of Peru Zelenko Bermudez 2009 photo fide;
Orchid Digest Vol 74 #3 2010 as Kraenzlinia erinacea photo fide;
Orquideas del Peru Freuler 2010 as Kraenzlinia erinacea photo good;
Guia de Orquideas de Chiapas Carlos Rommel Beutelspacher Baigts 2013 as Kraenzlinella erinacea photo fide;
Algunas Orquideas de Mexico Tomo 1 Suarez 2013 as Kranzlininella erinacea photo fide;
Phytotaxa 275: 271 Doucette 2016 as Acianthera erinacea
Diversity of Pleurothallidinae in Guatemala: An Endangered Orchid Subtribe with High Economic and Horticultural Potentials Edgar Mo Mo, Cetzal, Basu and Vega 2017 as Kraenzlinella erinacea photo fide;
Orchid Genera and Species in Guatemala Archila, Szlachchetko, Chiron, Lipinska, Mystkowska and Bertolini 2018 as Kraenzlinella erinacea photo fide;
Pleurothallids Neotropical Jewels Vol 1 Karremans & Viera 2020 as Acianthera erinacea photo fide
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