GROUP Secundum Characterized by the caespitose habit, the numerous coriaceous leaves, the generally elongate peduncle to pluriracemose inflorescence with brightly colored flowers generally pollinated by hummingbirds, with the caudicles of the pollinarium granulose, and the tetrads appearing like a loose stack of roof tiles.

GROUP Secundum

  • Epidendrum x belmillerae Campacci & Rosim 2019 A naturalized hybrid in Brazil between GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Calanthum and GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Elongatum

    Epidendrum × obrienianum Rolfe 1888 A naturalized hybrid in Hawaii between GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Calanthum and GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Elongatum

    There are three subgroups Amphiglottium, Secundum and Elongatum

    GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Secundum

    Characterized as a subgroup by the bicallose lip with a central, narrow, long, wavy keel, the column is apically high and the anther is generally decumbent.

    1. Epidendrum ackermanii Hágsater 2004 Puerto Rico

    2. Epidendrum apatotylosum Hágsater 2007 Costa Rica

    3. Epidendrum baumannianum Schltr. 1920 Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador

    4. Epidendrum calanthum Rchb. f. & Warsz. 1854 Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador

    5. Epidendrum caquetanum Schltr. 1924 Colombia

    6. Epidendrum cochlidium Lindl. 1840 Ecuador and Peru

    7. Epidendrum cryptopateras Hágsater & Courtinard 2019 Martinique

    8. Epidendrum cyparisii Hágsater, Charly et Viscardi 2019 Martinique

    9. Epidendrum deltoideoviridis Hagsater 2021 Ecuador

    10. Epidendrum denticulatum Barb. Rodr. 1881 Brazil Rica, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago, Surinam, Fr Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil

    11. Epidendrum flabellilobatum Hagsater & Medina Tr.2021 Colombia

    12. Epidendrum franckei Hágsater 2004 Peru

    13. Epidendrum x gransabanense Carnevali & I.Ramírez 2003 Colombia Venezuela

    14. Epidendrum haematanthum Schltr. 1921 - Peru

    15. Epidendrum hawkesii A.H.Heller 1966 Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama

    16. Epidendrum ibaguense H.B.K. 1816 Trinidad & Tobago, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia and northern Brazil

    17. Epidendrum igneosicola G.A.Romero, Carnevali & Hágsater 2018 Venezuela

    18. Epidendrum katrun-yariku Hagsater and Wrazidlo 2020 Venbezuela, Brazil

    19. Epidendrum lacerum Lindley 1838 Eastern Cuba

    20. Epidendrum laurelense Hágsater & Dodson 2001 Ecuador

    21. Epidendrum lavendulum Hágsater 2020 Ecuador

    22. Epidendrum macrocarpum [syn E schomburgkia] Rich.1792 Trinidad & Tobago, Surinam, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil

    23. Epidendrum marcocyphum Kraenzl. 1905 Peru

    24. Epidendrum magalhaesii Schltr. 1920 Brazil

    25. Epidendrum melinanthum Schltr. 1920 Colombia

    26. Epidendrum microsecundum Hagsater & J. Duarte 2021 Ecuador

    27. Epidendrum mimeticum Carnevali & G.A.Romero 2000 Venezuela

    28. Epidendrum mimopsis Hágsater & Dodson 2004 Ecuador

    29. Epidendrum odontopetalum Hágsater 2008 Bolivia

    30. Epidendrum persimile Schltr. 1920 Colombia

    31. Epidendrum pitanga Campacci 2008 Brazil

    32. Epidendrum portokalium Hágsater & Dodson 2004 Ecuador

    33. Epidendrum puniceoluteum F.Pinheiro & F.Barros 2006 Brazil

    34. Epidendrum reflexilobum C.Schweinf. 1943 Peru

    35. Epidendrum revertianum (Stehlé) Hágsater 1993 Leewards, the Windwards and Guyana

    36. Epidendrum schistochilum Schltr. 1924 Colombia Ecuador

    37. Epidendrum secundum Jacq. 1760 Puerto Rico, The Leewards, the Windwards, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador?, Peru?, Bolivia and Brazil?

    38. Epidendrum sonia-juaniorum Zambrano & Hágsater 2018 Ecuador

    39. Epidendrum splendens Schlechter 1921 Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

    40. Epidendrum sterrophyllum Schltr. 1920 Colombia

    41. Epidendrum thermophilum Hágsater & Dodson 1993 Ecuador

    42. Epidendrum tricarinatum Rolfe 1917 Peru

    43. Epidendrum villahermosaense Sierra Ariza & Hagsater 2021 Colombia

    44. Epidendrum vinosum Schltr. 1921 Ecuador and Peru

    45. Epidendrum wrightii Lindl. 1858 Dominican Republic, Haiti and Cuba

    46. Epidendrum xanthinum Lindl. 1844 Colombia Brazil

    47. Epidendrum xytriophorum Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 Ecuador

    GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Elongatum

    Characterized by the complicated, tuberculose callus on the lip, with a low column, with an incumbent anther.

    1. Epidendrum acroscopeum Hágsater & Dodson 2006 Ecuador

    2. Epidendrum acutilobum Hagsater & Uribe Velez 2021 Colombia

    3. Epidendrum arachnoglossum Rchb.f. ex André 1882 Ecuador

    4. Epidendrum aromoense Cornejo & Hágsater 2014 Ecuador

    5. Epidendrum aura-usecheae Hágsater, C.Rincón-Useche et O.Pérez 2013 Colombia

    6. Epidendrum brachycorymbosum Hagsater & Dodson 2004 Ecuador

    7. Epidendrum catillus Rchb. f. & Warsz. 1854 Colombia

    8. Epidendrum coroicoense Schltr. 1929 Peru & Bolivia

    9. Epidendrum corymbosum Ruiz & Pav 1798 Peru

    10. Epidendrum elongatum Jacq. 1789 Lesser Antilles

    11. Epidendrum flexuosum G. Mey. 1818 Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa

    12. Epidendrum holstii Hágsater & Carnevali 2018 Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil

    13. Epidendrum igneum Hágsater 2004 Colombia

    14. Epidendrum imperator Hágsater. 2004 Colombia

    15. Epidendrum jamiesonis Rchb. f. 1856 Colombia and Ecuador

    16. Epidendrum laxifoliatum Schltr. 1920 Colombia

    17. Epidendrum ptochicum Hágsater 2006 Colombia, Ecuador and Peru

    18. Epidendrum quinquecallosum Schltr. 1920 Colombia

    19. Epidendrum quitensium Rchb. f. 1862 Ecuador

    20. Epidendrum radicans Pavon ex Lindley 1831 Puerto Rico, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela and Colombia

    21. Epidendrum rubroticum Hágsater 1993 Guadeloupe [potentially extinct], Dominica, Martinique St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenada

    22. Epidendrum susannae Hágsater, O.Pérez & E.Parra 2013 Colombia

    23. Epidendrum tulcanense Hágsater & Dodson 2013 Colombia

    24. Epidendrum vinosum Schltr. 1921 Peru
    GROUP Secundum SUBGROUP Amphiglottium

    Characterized by the short plants less than 8" [20cm] tall

    1. Epidendrum azulense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 1998 Peru

    2. Epidendrum rauhii Hágsater 2004 Peru

    3. Epidendrum sholletiae Hágsater, L.Valenz. & J.Duarte 2020 Peru

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 430 Dodson 1982; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 063 Dodson & Bennett 1989; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Plate 0671 Dodson & Bennett 1989; Icones Orchidacearum 2 Plate 190 Hagsater & Dodson 1993 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 452 Bennett & Christenson 1998; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 647 Bennett & Christenson 2001; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 649 Bennett & Christenson 2001; Icones Orchidacearum 4 Plate 452 Hagsater 2001 see recognition section; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 2 Dodson 2001; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 701 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 714 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 737 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 747 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 748 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 761 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 778 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 7 Plate 786 Hagsater and Sanchez 2004 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 8 Plate 803 Hagsater and Sanchez 2006 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 8 Plate 848 Hagsater & Sanchez 2006 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 8 Plate 877 Hagsater & Sanchez 2006 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum Vol 9 Plate 909 Hagsater & Sanchez 2007 as group schistochilum subgroup calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 plate 1104 Hagsater & Soto 2008 as Grop schistochilum subgroup calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 Plate 1105 Hagsater 2008 as Schistochilum Subgroup calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 Plate 1125 Hagsater 2008 as Group schistochilum Subgroup calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 Plate 1130 Hagsater 2008 as Group Schistochilum Subgroup Calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 Plate 1150 Hagsater 2008 as Group Schistochilum Subgroup Calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 11 Plate 1168 Hagsater 2008 as Group schistochilum Subgroup calanthum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 14 Plate 1410 Hagsater & Santiago 2013 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 14 Plate 1486 Hagsater & Santiago 2013 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 14 Plate 1491 Hagsater & Santiago 2013 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 15 [1] Plate 1516 Hagsater & Sanchez 2015 as Group amphiglottis Subgroup secundum see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 16[1] Plate 1605 Hagsater & Santiago 2018 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 16[1] Plate 1623 Hagsater / Santiago 2018 photos fide; Icones Orchidacearum 16[1} Plate 1659 Hagsater & Sanchez 2018 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1715 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1717 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1745 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 see recognintion section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(1) Plate 1749 Hagsater & Jimenez 2019 See recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(2) Plate 1758 Hagsater & Jimenez 2020 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(2) Plate 1775 Hagsater & Jimenez 2020 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(2) Plate 1787 Hagsater & Jimenez 2020 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 17(2) Plate 1797 Hagsater & Jimenez 2020 see recognition section; Icones Orchidacearum 18(1) plate 1816 2020 see recognition section; * Icones Orchidacearum 18(2) Plate 1849 Hagsater & Jimenez 2011