Palm

Orleanesia mineirosensis

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HOME Orchid Species Glossary

Genera or species names that are synonyms of current names are denoted with a ~.

The basiosynonym of a species is denoted with a "*". The basiosynonym is the very first name that a species had before it was changed to the current species name. If you have a name in parenthesis preceding another name, the name in parentheses is the basiosynonym. An example: ~*Ophrys bicolor Naegeli - See Ophrys apifera var. bicolor (Naegeli) Nelson: Ophyrs bicolor is the basiosynonym and in the current name the parentheses, (Naegeli), is the namer of the basiosynonym, while Nelson is the namer of the current species Ophyrs apifera var. bicolor.

If a genus is complete [all of the species are represented] it is preceded by a `

! denotes the Type Species of the genus

* denotes the basionym or original name with the same species taxon

I have decided to include synonyms in the alphabetical listings because I have found it frustrating to find that some growers do not stay currrent in their plant names and as such we the consumer end up buying a plant that we feel is an exotic different species only to find that it is a plant that we have had for years under the correct name. An example, Brassavola rhopalorrhachis Rchb.f is actually the common species Brassavola nodosa [L]Lindley.

Symbol Chart:

Fragrance = Fragrance

Light Meter Icons; Full Shade = Full shade Dappled shade or Partial Shade = Part shade Bright Light or Full light = Part sun Full Sun = Full sun

Temperature Icons;

Cold = Cold 2500 Meters and Up, 50`F to 55`F night average - - Cool = Cool1800 to 2500 Meters, 58`F to 60`F night average

Warm = Warm1000 meters to 1800 meters, 68`F to 75`F night average - - Hot = HotSea Level to 1000 Meters, 75`F to 85`F

Season Icons;

Spring = Spring Summer = Summer Fall = Fall Winter = Winter

SIZE: Miniature - under 6" tall leaf and pseudobulb Small - under 12" tall leaf and pseudobulb Medium - under 24" tall Large - under 48" tall Giant - Over 48" tall

Beach
Rainbow

Orchiastrum Ség. 1754 - See Spiranthes L. C. Rich. 1817 SUBFAMILY Spiranthoideae, TRIBE Cranichideae, SUBTRIBE Spiranthinae.

~Orchiastrum porrifolium (Lindl.) Greene 1894 - See Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. 1840

~Orchiastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Greene 1894 - See Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. 1828

Orchiastrum Lem 1855 - See Spiranthes L. C. Rich. 1817 SUBFAMILY Spiranthoideae, TRIBE Cranichideae, SUBTRIBE Spiranthinae.

~× Orchidactyla P.F.Hunt & Summerh. 1965 - See Orchis L. 1753 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Orchideae SUBTRIBE Orchidinae

~×Orchidactyla carpetana (Pau) Borsos & Soó 1966 - See Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter 1890

~×Orchidactyla kabyliensis (G.Keller) Aver. 1986 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

~×Orchidactyla kromayeri (M.Schulze) Borsos & Soó 1966 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

~×Orchidactyla pentecostalis (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

~×Orchidactyla speciosissima (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

~`Orchidium Sw. 1816 - See Calypso Salisb. 1807 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Calypsoeae

~Orchidium americanum Steud. 1840 - See Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes 1842

~Orchidium arcticum Sw. 1814 - See Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes 1842

~Orchidium boreale Sw. 1814 - See Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes 1842

~`Orchidofunckia A.Rich. & Galeotti 1845 - See SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillareae, SUBTRIBE Cryptarrheninae.

~Orchidofunckia pallidiflora A.Rich. & Galeotti 1845 - See Cryptarrhena lunata R.Br. 1816

~Orchiodes Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera R. Br. 1813 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Diuridieae, SUBTRIBE Caladentinae.

There are approximately 25 species in this terrestrial cool growing genus found in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and America.

~Orchiodes bifidum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera bifida (Blume) Blume 1858

~Orchiodes calvum (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera bifida (Blume) Blume 1858

~Orchiodes celebicum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Lindl. 1839

~Orchiodes cordatum (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Blume 1858

~Orchiodes decipiens (Hook.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1833

~Orchiodes discolor (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) A. Rich. ?

~Orchiodes fumatum (Thwaites) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera fumata Thwaites 1861

~Orchiodes grande (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Lindl. 1839

~Orchiodes hispidum (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera hispida Lindl. 1857

~Orchiodes marginatum (Lindl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera repens (Linne) R. Brown 1813

~Orchiodes parviflorum (Hassk.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook. 1823

~Orchiodes procerum (Ker Gawl.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook. 1823

~Orchiodes pubescens (Willd.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. 1813

~Orchiodes pusillum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera pusilla Blume 1858

~Orchiodes quercilobum Kuntze 1891 - See Platythelys querceticola (Lindl.) Garay 1977

~Orchiodes repens (L.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera repens (Linne) R. Brown 1813

~Orchiodes resupinatum Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera repens (Linne) R. Brown 1813

~Orchiodes reticulatum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera reticulata (Blume) Blume 1858

~Orchiodes rubicundum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Lindl. 1839

~Orchiodes schlechtendalianum (Rchb. f.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb. f. 1849

~Orchiodes secundiflorum (Griff.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f. 1890

~Orchiodes tesselatum (Lodd.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera tesselata Lodd. 1824

~Orchiodes viridiflorum (Blume) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Blume 1858

~Orchiodes vittatum (Benth. ex Hook.f.) Kuntze 1891 - See Goodyera vittata Benth. ex Hook.f. 1890

~Orchiodes Trew. 1736 - See Goodyera R. Br. 1813 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Diuridieae, SUBTRIBE Caladentinae.

There are approximately 25 species in this terrestrial cool growing genus found in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and America.

Orchipedum Breda 1829SUBFAMILY Spiranthoideae, TRIBE Cranichideae SUBTRIBE Goodyerinae

There are 3 species in this rarely seen terrestrial genus confined to Malesia with Scape leafless, with 2–4 large sterile bracts. Flowers, sessile, resupinate. Sepals free. Petals oblique-obovate, joined in apical part and connivent to median sepal forming hood; lateral sepals spreading, with concave base, enclosing saccate base of lip. Lip adnate to column base, spurred, 3-lobed. Spur globose, slightly bifid, curved forwards under the blade, containing dense group of fleshy hairs on each side. Base of lip with erect rounded side lobes embracing column base, inside with 2 erect semi-circular parallel keels. Median lobe with narrow clawed base suddenly broadening into spreading lobules. Column narrow, bended, with 1 stigma and narrow winged rostellar arms; anther narrowly ovate acute. Pollinium sectile, very long, to 5 mm long, with stipe and viscidium

Common Name or Meaning Refers to the testicle-shaped spur

Type Species = ! = Orchipedum plantaginifolium Breda 1827

  1. !Orchipedum plantaginifolium Breda 1827

    Full shade Hot

  2. Orchipedum wenzelii (Ames) J.J. Sm. 1934

    Full shade HotCool Spring

Orchis L. 1753 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Orchideae SUBTRIBE Orchidinae

There are 30 or so species in this erect terrestrial genus that are spread from Europe to China and have tubers instead of psuedobulbs.

Synonyms Chondradenia Maxim. ex Makino 1902; Galeorchis Rydb. 1901

Type Species = ! = Orchis militaris L. 1753

  1. O palustris Group O dinsmorei, O elegans, O laxiflora, O palustris, O pseudolaxiflora, O robusta,

    Moisture loving plants with narrow, unmarked, leaves arrranged along the stem instead of in a basal rosette and the bracts are leaf-like

  2. O morio Group O albanica, O boryi, O champagneuxii, O israelitica, O longicornu, O morio, O picta, O syrica,

    This group has oval, veined green sepals, the sepals and petals form a small hood with a broad, weakly 3 lobed lip with rounded lateral lobes.

    There are 2 subgroups to the O morio group

    #1 O morio type 5 species, O albanica, O champagneuxii, O longicornu, O morio, O picta, O syrica, blooms the more common way from the bottom up

    #2 The different blooming kind, flowers open from the tip and work down the inflorescence, 2 species, O boryi and O israelitica

  3. O papilionacea Group O colina, O cyrenaica, O papillionacea

    This group has a lip that is entire, fan-shaped and near rhomboidal.

  4. O coriophora Group O coriophora, O fragrans, O sancta,

    This group has long-caulescent sepals, the sepals and petals form a tight hood, the lip is 3 lobed and the median lobe is entire and longer than the lateral lobes, the spur is thick and nectariferous.

  5. O Mascula Group O anatolica, O brancifortii, O canariensis, O cazorlensis, O ichnusae, O laeta, O langei, O linguistica, O mascula, O olbiensis, O ovalis, O pallens, O patens, O pauciflora, O pinetorum, O prisca, O provincialis, O quadripunctata, O scopularum, O x seikiana, O sitiaca, O spitzelii, O terera, O troodii

    This group is characterized by near spreading to erect lateral sepals, the petals are folded over the column, the lip is 3 lobed with the lateral lobes broad and the median lobe longer than the laterals and is divided into 2 secondary lobes and it has a spur,

  6. O militaris Group O adenocheila, O anthropophora, O caucasica, O galilaea, O italica, O militaris, O punctulata, O purpurea, O simia, O stevenii, O taubertiana,

    This group has large flowers with the sepals and petals forming a hood, and has a lip that is anthropomorphic, has narrow lateral lobes and a bilobed median lobe that is usually toothed in angle of incision.

  7. O tridentata Group O commutata, O conica, O intacta, O lactea, O tridentata, O ustulata,

    This group is characterized by having, usually small flowers with the sepals and petals forming a hood, the lip is 3 lobed, the median lobe is clearly divided inot 2 lobes, rarely separated by a tooth.

    ~*Orchis abortiva Linne 1753 - See Limodorum abortivum (Linne) Swartz 1799

    ~Orchis abortivum [Linne]Sw. - See Limodorum abortivum (Linne) Swartz 1799

    ~Orchis acuminata Desfontaines 1783 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis acuta Banks ex Pursh 1813 - See Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis aetnensis Tineo in G.Gussone 1844 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis affinis C. Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis africana Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis agastachys Fisch. ex Lindl. 1835 - See Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. 1825

    ~Orchis alba Lam. 1795 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis albanica Gölz & H.R.Reinhard 1984 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis albida Scopoli 1772 - See Pseudorchis albida (Linne) A. & D. Löve 1969

    ~Orchis albida Friv. ex Hampe 1837 - See Gymnadenia frivaldii Hampe ex Griseb. 1846

    ~*Orchis alpestris Pugsley 1935 - See Dactylorhiza alpestris (Pugsley) Aver. 1983

    ~Orchis alpina [Seg.] Crantz 1769 - See Pseudorchis albida (Linne) A. & D. Löve 1969

    ~Orchis alpina (L.) Scop. 1772 - See Chamorchis alpina (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1886

    ~Orchis altaica (Rchb.f.) Soó 1933- See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis × altobracensis Coste & Soulié 1898 - See Dactylorhiza × altobracensis (Coste & Soulié) Soo 1962

    ~Orchis ambigua Degl. ex Le Gall 1852 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis ambigua Martrin-Donos 1864 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis amblyoloba Nevski 1935 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis amoena Crantz 1769 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

  1. Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another Flower Photo courtesy of F.Verhart and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Anatolian Orchis [Region Of Turkey]

    Flower Size about 5/8" [2.75 cm]

    A miniature to medium sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid that is found in Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebaenon, Israel Jordan and Iran in garrigue, Pinewoods and open woodlands at elevations up to 2000 meters with reddish brown, rather dark stem carrying 2 to 6, basal, in a rosette, matte dark green, violet spotted, rarely pale green and unspotted, oblong to lanceolate, near obtuse leaves with 1 to 2 upper clasping, smaller cauline leaves that blooms in the spring on a 2 to 4.8" [5 to 12 cm] long, loosely several [2 to 15] flowered inflorescence with reddish, membraneous, almost aas long as the ovary bracts .

    Often cited as synomonous with O quadripuncata but is clearly distinct by its elongated, veined sepals, larger size, the spotting and indentation of the lip, and the shape and position of the spur.

    Synonyms Androrchis anatolica (Boiss.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Androrchis sitiaca (Renz) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Androrchis troodi (Renz) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis anatolica subsp. sitiaca Renz 1932; Orchis anatolica subsp. troodi (Renz) Renz 1932; Orchis anatolica var. troodi Renz 1929; Orchis rariflora K.Koch 1846; Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge 1990; Orchis troodi (Renz) P.Delforge 1990

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 31 No 8 1962; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis anatolica subsp. sitiaca Renz 1932 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis anatolica subsp. troodi (Renz) Renz 1932 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis anatolica var. troodi Renz 1929 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis angustifolia M.Bieb. 1808 - See - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962 .

    ~Orchis angustifolia Loiseleur ex Rchb. 1831 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. acuminata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. ammatica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. amplivaginata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. angustivaginata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. anziensis Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. brevispicata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. comosa Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. densiflora Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. densissima Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. densiuscula Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. fichtenbergii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. friesii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. gracilis Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. immaculata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. laxa Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. laxiflora Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. laxiuscula Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. lehnertii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. levaschevoica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. longispicata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. oblonga Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. obtusifolia Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. paanajaervica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. papjerwica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. perhoica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. pulcherrima Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. reichenbachii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. remota Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. robustior Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. rosiensis Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. sauteri Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. schmidtii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. schurii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. spathulata Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. spathulata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. subcurva Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. suberecta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia f. tiudiensis Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. conferta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. densata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. dissita Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. elegantior Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. filiformis Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. intermedia Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. laxata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. maculata Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. strictior Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. subcurva (Klinge) Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. superans Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. venusta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subf. venusta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia subsp. pycnantha L.Neumann in ?. - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. abeliana Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. blyttii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. brevifolia Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. elongata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. erecta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. estonica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. gracillima Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. haussknechtii Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. immaculata Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. mielichhoferi Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. nylandri Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. patens Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. poenalica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. recurva Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. reolana Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. rigidula Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. sanionis Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. sauteri (Klinge) Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. stricta Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. superba Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. tarbatonica Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis angustifolia var. tenuifolia Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

  2. Orchis anthropophora All. 1785

    FragrancePart sunCoolTo ColdSpring

    O militaris Group

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    ~*Orchis aphylla Forssk. 1775 - See Epipogium aphyllum [Forssk. ] Swartz 1814

    ~Orchis apifera (Huds.) Salisb. 1796 - See Ophrys apifera Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis appendiculata Stokes 1812 - See Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.] L.C.Rich. 1818

    ~Orchis arachnites Scop. 1772 - See Ophrys fuciflora (F.W. Schmidt) Moench 1842

    ~*Orchis aristata Fisch. ex Lindl. 1835 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis aristata var. immaculata Makino 1932 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis aristata var. maculata Makino 1932 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis aristata var. perbracteata Lepage 1952 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis atlantica Willd. 1805 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~Orchis atropurpurea Tausch 1831 - See Gymnadenia rubra Wettstein 1889

    ~*Orchis barbata L.f. 1782 - See Disa barbata (L.f.) Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis basilica L. ex Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis basilica subsp. cartaliniae Kinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis batrachites Schrank 1786 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis beeringiana (Cham.) Kudô 1922 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis beesiana W.W.Sm. 1914 - See - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~*Orchis bicornis L. 1760 - See Satyrium bicorne (L.) Thunb. 1794

    ~Orchis bicornis Gilib. 1792 - See !Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.] L.C.Rich. 1818

    ~Orchis bicornis Jacq. 1797 - See Satyrium humile Lindl. 1838

    ~Orchis bidentata Elliott 1823 - See

    ~Orchis biermannii Ortm. 1850 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis bifolia Linne 1763 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis bifolia var. major Besser 1809 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis bipunctata Raf. 1814 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~*Orchis blephariglottis Willd. 1805 - See Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook. 1824

    ~Orchis blyttii (Rchb.f.) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis boryi Rchb.f. 1851 - See Anacamptis boryi (Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997

    ~Orchis boryi var. alba C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis 1989 - See Anacamptis boryi (Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997

    ~Orchis bosniaca Beck 1887 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis brachiata Gilib. 1792 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis brachystachys d'Urv. 1822 - See Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.] L.C.Rich. 1818

    ~Orchis bracteata Muhl Willd. 1805 - See Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis bracteata Ten. 1811 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

  3. Orchis brancifortii Bivona-Bernardi 1813

    Photo courtesy of J.M.Lewin and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name Brancifort's Orchis [Sicilian Prince and protector of Bivona-Bernardi 1800's]

    Flower Size .4" [1 cm]

    A small sized, cool to cold growing terrestrial orchid that is found in Sardinia and Sicily in open garrigue, scrub and open woodlands at elevations up to 1300 meters with a spindly stem carrying 2 to 6, basal, unmarked, oblong to narrowly lanceolate leaves and blooms in the spring.

    Synonyms Anacamptis brancifortii Lindl. 1835; Anacamptis quadripunctata Lindl. 1835; Androrchis brancifortii (Biv.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis brancifortii f. maculata J.Baláz & M.Baláz 1995; Orchis quadripunctata subsp. brancifortii (Bivona-Bernardi) E.G. Camus 1928

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis brancifortii f. maculata J.Baláz & M.Baláz 1995 - See Orchis brancifortii Bivona-Bernardi 1813

    ~Orchis brevicornis var. fallax De Not. 1844 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis brevilabris Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1854 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis broteroana Rivas Goday & Bellot 1946 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis bruhnsiana (Gruner) Mojorov ex Grossh. 1928 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~ *Orchis burmanniana L. 1760 - See Bartholina burmanniana (L.) Ker Gawl. 1818

    ~Orchis calcarata Burm.f. 1768 - See Satyrium coriifolium Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis calvellii A.Terracc. 1889-1890 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis camtschatica Cham. 1828 - See Platanthera camtschatica (Cham.) Soó 1969

  4. Orchis canariensis Lindl.1835

    ~Orchis candida A.Terracc. 1910 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis candidissima Krock. 1814 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis caprina Biebl 1819 - See Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) Spreng 1826

    ~*Orchis carnea Dryand. 1789 - See Satyrium carneum (Dryand.) Sims 1812

    ~Orchis × carpetana (Willk.) Pau 1921 - See Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter 1890

    ~ Orchis cartaliniae (Klinge) Medw. 1919 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis cassidea M-Bieberstein 1819 - See Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter ?

    ~Orchis caspia Trautv. 1873 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis caucasica Regel 1898 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

  5. Orchis cazorlensis Lacaita 1930

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold LATER Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Cazorla Orchis [Mountains in central and southern Spain]

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    A Spanish small to medium sized, cool to cold growing terrestrial orchid occuring in open woodlands with mostly pine at elevations of 900 to 1900 meters with a slendre stem carrying 2 to 6, basal, rarely erect, oval-lanceolate leaves that blooms in the later spring on an erect, terminal, 8 to 25 flowered, racemose inflorescence.

    Synonyms Androrchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Barlia cazorlensis (Lacaita) Szlach. 2001; Orchis laxiflora subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001; Orchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez 1987

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis cercopitheca Poir 1798 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1767

    ~*Orchis cernua Burm.f. 1768 - See Holothrix cernua (Burm.f.) Schelpe 1966

  6. Orchis champagneuxii Barn. 1843

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O Morio Group Subroup #1

    Common Name Champagneux's Orchis [French Botanist late 1700's early 1800's]

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    This miniature to small sized, cold growing terrestrial species comes from Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France and Morocco in scrub and open woodland at elevations up to 1500 meters with 3 tubers giving rise to a spindley stem carrying 5 to 9, basal, near erect, unmarked, narrowly lanceolate leaves and blooms in the spring on an erect, lax, few flowered inflorescence with purplish, membraneous bracts that are slightly shorter than the ovaries.

    Synonyms Anacamptis champagneuxii (Barnéoud) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Herorchis champagneuxii (Barnéoud) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis morio subsp. champagneuxii (Barneoud) Camus 1929; Orchis morio var. champagneuxii (Barneoud) Guimar 1887

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 5 1983 photo;

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    ~Orchis champagneuxii var. mesomelana (Rchb.f.) D.Tyteca 1986 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~*Orchis chlorantha Cluster 1827 - See Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. 1828

    ~Orchis chlorotica Woronow 1909 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander ?

    ~Orchis chondradenia Makino 1902 - See Orchis fauriei Finet 1808

    ~Orchis chonorchis All. - See Herminium monorchis [L.]R.Br. 1813

    ~!Orchis chusua D.Don 1825 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis cilaris L. 1753 - See Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis ciliaris var. alba Michx. 1803 - See Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook. 1824

    ~Orchis cimicina Crantz 1769 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis cinerea Schrank 1789 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis circumflexa (L.) Bolus 1882 - See Disperis circumflexa (L.) T.Durand & Schinz 1894

    ~Orchis clavata B.Heyne ex Hook.f. 1890 - See Habenaria marginata Colebr. 1824

    ~*Orchis clavellata Michx. 1803 - See Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer 1972

    Orchis clavellata var. tridentata Muhl. 1813 - See Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer 1972

    ~Orchis cochleata Fleischm. & M.Schulze 1902 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

  7. Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Inflorescence

    Photo courtesy of Th.Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCold Winterand Spring

    O papilionacea Group

    Common Name The Hill-Living Orchis

    Flower Size 1" [2.4 cm]

    Found in Spain, France, Italy, Greece, the Greek islands, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria and Lebanon as a miniature to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid that has 2 to 4 basal, oblong-ovate to oblong-ligulate leaves and blooms in the winter and spring on a cylindric or oblong, 2 to 20 flowered, racemose inflorescence.

    Synonyms Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol.ex Russell) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Barlia collina (Banks & Sol. ex Russell) Szlach. 2001; Herorchis collina (Banks & Sol.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis chlorotica Woronow 1909; Orchis collina f. flavescens Soó in G.Keller & al. 1932; Orchis collina f. purpurea Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis collina subsp. chlorotica (Woronow) Aver. 1994; Orchis collina subsp. fedtschenkoi (Czerniak.) Aver. 1994;Orchis fedtschenkoi Czerniak. 1922; Orchis fredtschenkoi Czerniakowska 1922; Orchis leucoglossa Schwarz 1934; Orchis saccata Tenore 1811; Orchis saccata f. flavescens (Soó) Raynaud 1985; Orchis saccata lus. flavescens Soó 1932; Orchis saccata var. fedtschenkoi (Czerniak.) Hautz. 1978; Orchis sparsiflora Ten. ex Boiss. 1882; Vermeulenia chlorotca (Woronow) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1972; Vermeulenia fedtschenkoi (Czerniak.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1972

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 1 1982 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo as O saccata; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis collina f. flavescens Soó in G.Keller & al. 1932 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis collina f. purpurea Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis collina subsp. chlorotica (Woronow) Aver. 1994 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis collina subsp. fedtschenkoi (Czerniak.) Aver. 1994 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis columnae Schmidt 1791 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~*Orchis commelinifolia Roxb. 1832 - See Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wall. ex Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis commutata Tod. 1842 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis comosa F.W.Schmidt 1795 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis comosa Schur 1866 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis comosa Scop. 1772- See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis comperiana Steven 1829 - See Comperia comperiana (Steven) Asch. & Graebn. 1907

    ~Orchis compressiflora Stokes 1812 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis condensa Schur 1866 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis condensata Desf. 1799 - See Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.] L.C.Rich. 1818

  8. Orchis conica Willdenow 1805

    Photo courtesy of Th.Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold LATE Winterand Spring

    O tridentata Group

    Common Name The Conical Orchis

    Flower Size 3/4" [1.8 cm]

    Found in Portugal, Spain, Balaeric Islands, France, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, Malta, Algeria and Morocco in short, poor grasslands, open garrigue and open woodlands up to 800 meters as a miniature to small sized, cold to cool growing terrestrial orchid with a basal rosete, of 3 t o8, unmarked, glaucose green, lanceolate leaves and 1 to 3, bract-like cauline leaves above that blooms in the late winter and spring on a dense, initially conical and short, sometimes becoming long-subglobular, many flowered inflorescence..

    Synonyms Neotinea conica (Willd.) R.M.Bateman 2003; Neotinea tridentata subsp. conica (Willd.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Orchis ennensis Guss. ex Tineo 1817; Orchis pusilla Tyteca 1984; Orchis tridentata subsp. conica (Willd.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis conopea Gras 1862 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~*Orchis conopsea Linne 1753 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~*Orchis conopsea var. densiflora Wahlenb.1806 - See Gymnadenia × densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr. 1839

    ~*Orchis convallariifolia Fisch. ex Lindl. 1833 - See Platanthera convallariifolia (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis cordata Willd. 1805 - See Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. 1958

    ~Orchis cordifolia Munby 1855 - See Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. 1958

    ~*Orchis cordigera Fr.1842 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera f. banatica Asch. & Graebn.1907 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera f. macrobracteata (Schur) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera f. rivularis (Heuff. ex Schur) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera f. rochelii (Griseb. & Schenk) Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera f. simonkaiana Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera lusus immaculata Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera prol. rochelii (Griseb. & Schenk) Asch. & Graebn 1907 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera subsp. blyttii (Rchb.f.) K.Richt. 1890 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera subsp. siculorum Soó 1926 publ. 1927 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. caucasica (Klinge) Klinge 1899 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. foliosa Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. klingei E.G.Camus 1908 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. macrobracteata Schur 1853 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. rocheliana Klinge 1893 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cordigera var. siculorum (Soó) Pauca 1972 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis coreana Nakai 1914 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis coreosmus St.-Lag. 1880 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

  9. Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    Photo courtesy of M.Verhart and the Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrancePart sun Cold Springand Summer

    The O coriophora Group

    Common Name The Bug Orchis

    Flower Size about 5/8" [1.7 cm]

    Found in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Aegean Islands, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon in full sun in grassy areas, boggy meadows, moorlands, flushed slopes and woodland edges prone to flodding at elevations up to 2500 meters in slightly acidic soil as a small to large sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with a robust, pale green stem with 4 to 10 basal, near erect, unmarked, linear to linear-lanceolate, slightly keeled leaves and smaller, clasping cauline leaves almost to the tip of the stem that blooms in the spring and summer on a oblong or cylindrical, 1 1/2 to 4 1/2' [45 to 135 cm] long, densly many [15 to 25] flowered inflorescence with fragrant, color variable flowers.

    Synonyms Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M.Bateman 1997, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Anteriorchis coriophora (L.) E.Klein & Strack 1989; Anteriorchis coriophora subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr.) Jacquet 1997; Herorchis coriophora (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis coriophora subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis cimicinus Crantz 1835; Orchis coreosmus St.-Lag. 1880; Orchis coriophora subsp. carpetana (Willk.) Malag. 1968; Orchis coriophora subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman 1882; Orchis coriophora var. dolichoceras Maire 1939; Orchis coriophora var. elongata Maire 1940; Orchis coriophora var. lusciniarum Maire 1939; Orchis coriophora var. major E.G.Camus 1900; Orchis coriophora var. polliniana (Spreng.) Pollard 1824; Orchis coriophora var. sennenii A.Camus 1928; Orchis coriophora var. subsancta Balayer 1986; Orchis coriophora var. symphypetala Brot. 1827 ; Orchis fragrans var. elongata (Maire) Raynaud 1985; Orchis fragrans var. polliniana (Spreng.) Pollard 1824; Orchis martrinii Timb.-Lagr. 1856; Orchis polliniana Spreng. 1815;

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis coriophora subsp. carpetana (Willk.) Malag. 1968 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora subsp. martrinii (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman 1882 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora subsp. sancta (Linne) Hayek - See Orchis sancta Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. carpetana Willk. 1870 - See Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter 1890

    ~Orchis coriophora var. dolichoceras Maire 1939 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. elongata Maire 1940 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. fragrans (Pollini) Boiss. 1842 - See Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter 1890

    ~Orchis coriophora var. lusciniarum Maire 1939 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. major E.G.Camus 1900 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. polliniana (Spreng.) Pollard 1824 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. sancta (Linne) Rchb. fil. - See Orchis sancta Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. sennenii A.Camus 1928 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. subsancta Balayer 1986 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis coriophora var. symphypetala Brot. 1827 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis cornopica Mill. 1768 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis cornuta Houtt. 1780 - See Satyrium coriifolium Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis corsica Viv. 1824 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis crenulata Gilib. 1792 - See Orchis morio L. 1753

    ~*Orchis cristata Michx. 1803 - See Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis crocea Raf. 1832 - See Platanthera integra (Nutt.) A.Gray ex L.C.Beck 1848

    ~*Orchis cruenta O.F. Müller 1762 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cruenta Rochel 1828 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cruenta subsp. blyttii (Rchb.f.) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cruentiformis Neuman 1909 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis cucullata L.1753 - See Neottianthe cucullata (L.) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis cupanii Tod. 1842 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis curvifolia F.Nyl. 1844 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis cyrenaica E.A.Durand & Barrette 1910 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis cyrilli Tenore 1820 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis decipiens Tod. - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis delavayi Schltr. 1911 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis × densiflora (Wahlenb.) Pers. 1807 - See Gymnadenia × densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr. 1839

    ~*Orchis dentata Sw. 1800 - See Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis depsata Burm.f. 1768 - See Satyrium candidum Lindl. 1838

    ~Orchis dilatata Pursh 1814 - See Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. 1825

    ~Orchis dinsmorei (Schltr.) H.Baumann & Dafni 1981 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis diphylla (Link) Samp. 1913 - See Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. 1958

    ~*Orchis discolor Pursh 1814 - See Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. 1818

    ~Orchis divaricata Rich. ex Loisel. 1807 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis divaricata Boreau 1849 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis dolichorhiza Fisch. ex Lindl. 1835 - See Platanthera stricta Lindl. 1835

    ~*Orchis draconis L.f. 1782 - See Disa draconis (L.f.) Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis dubia Thouars 1822 - See Cynorkis squamosa (Poir.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis dubia Le Gall 1852 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis duquesnii Nyman 1855 - See Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.] L.C.Rich. 1818

    ~Orchis durandii Boissier & Reuter 1852 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis ecalcarata Costa & Vayr 1880 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~*Orchis elata Poiret 1789 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. alba Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis elata f. elongata (Maire) Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. leucantha Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. mairei Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. maroccanica Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. pallida Maire & Weiller in R.C.J.Maire 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. peltieri Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata f. speciosissima Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata subsp. durandii (Boiss. & Reut.) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata subsp. munbyana (Boiss. & Reut.) E.G.Camus 1928 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata subvar. durandiana Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata subvar. stephensonii Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata var. algerica (Rchb.) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata var. elongata Maire 1931 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata var. munbyana (Boiss. & Reut.) Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elata var. poiretiana Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elatior Afzel. ex Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis elegans var. dinsmorei (Schltr.) H.I.Schäf. 1971 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis elodes Griseb. 1845 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis ennensis Guss. ex Tineo 1817 - See Orchis conica Willd. 1805

    ~Orchis ensifolia Villars 1787 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis ericetorum (E.F.Linton) A.Benn. 1905 - See Dactylorhiza ericetorum (E.F.Linton) Aver. 1981

    ~Orchis erubescens Zucc. 1824 - See Gymnadenia odoratissima (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1818

    ~*Orchis expansa Tenore 1829 - See Orchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Tenore) Raynaud ?

    ~Orchis extensa Hartm. ex Pritz. 1855 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis falcata Thunb. 1784 - See Neofinetia falcata [Thunb.] H.H.Hu 1925

    ~Orchis fallax (De Not.) Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861 - See

    ~Orchis fasciculata Tineo 1844 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis fastigiata (Thouars) Spreng. 1826 - See Cynorkis fastigiata Thouars 1822

  10. Orchis fauriei Finet 1808

    Part shadecoldSpring

    ~Orchis fedtschenkoi Czerniak. 1922 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis ferruginea (F.W.Schmidt) F.W.Schmidt 1795 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis festiva Heuff. ex Rochel 1838 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis filicornis L.f. 1782 - See Disa filicornis (L.) Thunb. 1794

    ~Orchis filicornis Thonn.1827 - See Disa filicornis (L.) Thunb. 1794

    ~Orchis fimbriata Aiton 1789 - See Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis fissa Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 - See Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis fistulata Stokes 1812 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis fistulosa Moench 1794 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis flava L. 1753 - See Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis flavescens C. Koch 1849 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis flexuosa L.1760 - See Schizodium flexuosum (L.) Lindl. 1838

    ~Orchis foliacea Burm.f. 1768 - See Satyrium carneum (Dryand.) Sims 1812

    ~Orchis foliosa Sw. 1800 - See Habenaria epipactidea Rchb.f. 1867

    ~Orchis foliosa Masson ex Ker Gawl. 1819 - See Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter 1967

    ~*Orchis foliosa Solander 1831 - Dactylorhiza foliosa (Solander) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis foliosa Spreng. 1826 - See Habenaria monorrhiza [Sw.]Rchb.f 1885

    ~Orchis foliosa Schur 1866 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis formosensis S.S.Ying 1977 - See Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis fragrans Ten. 1811 - See Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter 1967

  11. Orchis fragrans Pollini 1811

    Photo courtesy of P.Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Fragrance Part sun Cold Spring

    The O coriophora Group

    Common Name The Fragrant Orchis

    Flower Size .4" [1 cm]

    Found in France, Corsica, Sardinia and Elba as a small to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with a finer stem than O coriophora and fewer leaves that blooms in the spring with fragrant [vanilla] flowers.

    Synonyms Anacamptis coriophora subsp. carpetana (Willk.) Bernardos 2002; Anacamptis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Anacamptis fragrans (Pollini) R.M.Bateman 2003; Anteriorchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) Jacquet 1997; Anteriorchis fragrans (Pollini) Szlach. 2001; Orchis × carpetana (Willk.) Pau 1921; Orchis cassidea M-Bieberstein 1819; Orchis coriophora subsp. carpetana (Willk.) Malag. 1968; Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Pollini) K. Richter 1890; Orchis coriophora var. carpetana Willk. 1870; Orchis coriophora var. fragrans (Pollini) Boiss. 1842; × Orchidactyla carpetana (Pau) Borsos & Soó 1966

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis fragrans var. elongata (Maire) Raynaud 1985 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis fragrans var. polliniana (Spreng.) Pollard 1824 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis francis-drucei Wilmott 1936 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis fredtschenkoi Czerniakowska 1972 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander ?

    ~*Orchis fuchsii Druce 1915 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis fuciflora Crantz 1769 - See Ophrys fuciflora (F.W. Schmidt) Moench 1842

    ~Orchis fusca Jacquin 1776 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis fusca var. stenoloba Coss. & Germ. 1845 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis fuscata Pall. 1776 - See Orchis purpurea Huds. 1761

    ~Orchis galeata Poiret 1789 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

  12. Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. 1923

    FragrancePart Sun WarmCoolWinterSpring

    ~Orchis geniculata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 1825 - See Habenaria dentata [Sw.]Schlechter 1919

    ~Orchis georgica (Klinge) Medw. 1919 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis germanorum Moritz 1844 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis giraldiana Kraenzl. 1905 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis glareosa Raf. 1832 - See Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis glaucophylla A. Kern - See Orchis mascula L. 1755

    ~*Orchis globosa Linne 1759 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis globosa Brot. 1804 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis globosa var. major Schur 1866 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis gracilis Höppner 1927 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis gracilis (Blume) Soó 1929 - See Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis graeca Orph. ex Soó 1928 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis graminea Crantz 1769 - Chamorchis alpina (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1886

  13. Orchis graminifolia (Reichb.f.) Tang & Wang 1940

    Photo courtesy of Eric Hunt, plant grown by Dale Martin

    Plant and Flowers in situ Japan Photos by © Hisanori Takeuchi and his Orchids of the World Website

    Common Name The Grass-Like Leaved Orchis

    Found in Japan

    Synonyms Gymnadenia graminifolia (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. 1878; Gymnadenia rupestris Miq. 1866; Orchis graminifolia var. chidori (Soó) M.Hiroe 1971; Orchis graminifolia var. kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) Ohwi 1965; Orchis graminifolia ( Rchb.f. ) Tang & Wang var. suzukiana Ohwi 1969Orchis rupestris (Miq.) Schltr. 1919 ; Orchis rupestre var. chidori Soó in ?; *Ponerorchis graminifolia Rchb.f. 1852

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Xenia Orchidaceae Rchb.f 1854 as Ponerorchis graminifolia drawing; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 No 2 1960 photo as O rupestris; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 3 1985 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 75 No 4 2006 photo as Ponerorchis graminifolia;

    ~Orchis graminifolia var. chidori (Soó) M.Hiroe 1971 - See Orchis graminifolia (Reichb.f.) Tang & Wang 1940

    ~Orchis graminifolia var. kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) Ohwi 1965 - See Orchis graminifolia (Reichb.f.) Tang & Wang 1940

    Orchis graminifolia ( Rchb.f. ) Tang & Wang var. suzukiana Ohwi 1969 Photo courtesy of Patricia Harding

    A color variety of the preceding species.

    Synonyms Ponerorchis graminifolia var. suzukiana (Ohwi) Soó 1975; Ponerorchis suzukiana ( Ohwi ) J.M.H.Shaw 2003

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis grandiflora B.Heyne in N.Wallich 1832 - See Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1814

    ~*Orchis grandiflora Bigelow 1824 - See Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis guimaraesii (E.G.Camus) Rivas Goday 1945 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis gussonii Tod. 1845 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis habenaria L. 1759 - See Habenaria quinqueseta (Michx.) Eaton 1829

    ~Orchis haematodes Rchb. 1830 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis halleri Crantz 1769 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

    ~Orchis hatagirea D. Don 1825 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis hatagirea var. afghanica Soo 1928 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis hatagirea var. doniana Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis hatagirea var. schlaginweitii Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis hebridensis Wilmott 1939 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis herbiola (R.Br.) Pursh 1813 - See Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis herminium Gren. 1855 - See Herminium monorchis (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis heroïca Clarke - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis heuffeliana Schur 1853 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis hircina [L.]Crantz 1769 - See Himantoglossum hircinum [L.]Sprengel 1826

    ~Orchis hirtella (Sw.) Sw. 1800 - See Erythrodes hirtella (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle 1910

    ~Orchis hispanica Nieschalk 1970 - See Orchis langei K. Richter 1890

    ~Orchis hispida Thunb. 1794 - See Holothrix cernua (Burm.f.) Schelpe 1966

    ~Orchis hispidula L.f. 1782 - See Holothrix cernua (Burm.f.) Schelpe 1966

    ~Orchis holoserica Burmüller - See Ophrys fuciflora (F.W. Schmidt) Moench 1842

    ~Orchis hookeri (Torr.) Alph.Wood 1870 - See Platanthera hookeri (Torr.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis hookeriana (Lindl.) Oakes 1842 - See Platanthera hookeri (Torr.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis hostii Tratt. 1814 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis humilis Michx. - See Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1833

    ~Orchis hungarica Pant. ex G.Keller & Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis huronensis Nutt. 1818 - See Platanthera huronensis [Nutt.] Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis hyemalis Raf. 1817 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~*Orchis hyperborea L. 1767 - See Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis hyperborea var. huronensis (Nutt.) Alph.Wood 1853 - See Platanthera huronensis [Nutt.] Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis iberica M.Bieb. ex Willd. 1805 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis iberica f. fraasii Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis iberica f. leptophylla E.G.Camus 1908 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis iberica f. longifolia (K.Koch) Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis iberica f. stevenii Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

  14. Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) J. & P. Devillers-Terschuren 1991

    Photo courtesy of P.Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrantPart sunCool Spring

    O mascula group

    Common Name The Sardinian Orchis [Ichnusa is an ancient name for Sardinia]

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    Found on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia in short, poor grasslands, garrigue and scrub at elevations up to 1500 meters as a small sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid with a spindley, washed purplish-red apically stem carrying 3 to 6, basal, spreading in a rosette, near erect, unmarked, oval-lanceolate leaves with 1 to 3, smaller, clasping, cauline leaves above that blooms in the spring on a rather dense, ovoid then cylindrical, to 5" [12.5 cm] long, 10 to 20 flowered inflorescence and has fragrant flowers.

    Synonyms Androrchis ichnusae (Corrias) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis mascula Moris non L. ?; Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae Corrias 1982; Orchis mascula subsp. laxifloriformis Rivas Goday 1946; Orchis oliensis subsp. ichnusae (Corrias) Buttler 1986

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis imbecilla Sol. ex Britten 1904 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~Orchis imbricata Vest. 1824 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~Orchis impudica Crantz 1769 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata L 1755 - See Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incantata P.Delforge 1989 - See Orchis langei K. Richter 1890

    ~Orchis incarnata Willd. 1805 - See - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata f. ochroleuca Bornm. 1939 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis incarnata f. trifurca Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata subsp. integrata E.G.Camus ex Fourcy 1891 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata subsp. sesquipedalis (Willd.) E.G.Camus 1892 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis incarnata subvar. altaica Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis incarnata var. albida Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata var. algerica Desf. 1799 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata var. algerica Rchb. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata var. borealis Nyman 1909 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata var. haematodes (Rchb.) M.Schulze 1907 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata var. hyphaematodes Neuman 1909 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata var. integrata E.G.Camus ex Fourcy 1891 - See Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incarnata var. knorringiana Kraenzl. 1931 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis incarnata var. kotschyi Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis incarnata var. lanceata Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata var. pulchella Druce 1918 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata var. serotina Hausskn. 1885 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis incarnata var. xauensis Pau & Font Quer 1929 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis incisa Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 - See Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis insectifera (L.) Crantz 1769 - See Ophrys insectifera Linne 1753

    ~*Orchis insularis Sommier 1896 - See Dactylorhiza insularis (Sommier) Landwehr 1969

    ~ Orchis intacta Link 1799 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~*Orchis integra Nutt. 1818 - See Platanthera integra (Nutt.) A.Gray ex L.C.Beck 1848

    ~Orchis integrata E.G.Camus 1892 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis intermedia Meigen & Weniger 1819 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis italica Lamarck - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1787

  15. Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    Photo courtesy of P.Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Plant and Flowers in situ Photo by © John Varigos and His Orchid webpage

    Orchis italica f. albiflora Nicora ex Fiori & Paol. 1896 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Part sunCool to ColdLATE Winterand Spring

    O militaris Group

    Common Name The Italian Orchis

    Flower Size

    Found in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, the Aegean Islands, Turkey, Cyprus, Malta, Syria, Lebannon, Israel, Jordan and all of North Africa except Egypt as a small to medium sized, cold to cool growing terrestrial orchid with ellipsoid tubers, erect stems, 5 to 10, oblong-lanceolate, undulate margins, leaves that are sometimes spotted purple brown that blooms in the late winter and spring on a dense, conical, inflorescence with the uppermost flowers opening first.

    Synonyms Orchis fusca var. stenoloba Coss. & Germ. 1845; Orchis italica f. albiflora Nicora ex Fiori & Paol. 1896; Orchis italica f. maculata Soó 1932; Orchis longicornis Lam. 1798; Orchis longicruris Link 1799; Orchis longicruris subsp. longipenis Font Quer & P.Palau 1954; Orchis militaris Poir. 1789; Orchis purpurea var. stenoloba (Coss. & Germ.) Willk. 1861; Orchis tephrosanthos Desf. 1799; Orchis tephrosanthos var. undulatifolia (Biv.) Webb 1838; Orchis undulatifolia Biv. 1807; Orchis welwitschii Rchb.f. 1851

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 5 1983 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin No 63 No 11 1994 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis italica f. albiflora Nicora ex Fiori & Paol. 1896 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis italica f. maculata Soó 1932 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~*Orchis japonica Thunb. ex A. Murray 1784 - See Platanthera japonica (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis kabyliensis G.Keller 1933 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis kabyliensis var. rassautae Alleiz. in ? - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis karduchorum (Bornm. & Kraenzl.) Schltr. 1914 - See Comperia comperiana (Steven) Asch. & Graebn. 1907

    ~Orchis keiskei (Schltr.) Soó 1929 - See Amitostigma keiskei Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis kelleri Hunz. ex G.Keller & Soó 1932 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis kinoshitae (Makino) Soó 1929 - See Amitostigma kinoshitae (Makino) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis koenigii Gunnerus 1772 - See Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis knorringiana (Kraenzl.) Czerniak.1951 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis kotschyi (Rchb. f.) Schltr. 1923 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis kromayeri M.Schulze 1904 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~*Orchis lacera Michx. 1803 - See Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don 1839

  16. Orchis lactea Poiret 1789 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    var alba Inflorescence Photo courtesy of P.Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold LATE Winterand Spring

    O tridentata Group

    Common Name The Milk-White Orchis

    Flower Size .9" [2.2 cm]

    Found in Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria in short poor open grasslands, open garrigue, scrub, olive groves and open woodland up to 1800 meters as a small sized, cool to cold growing terrestrial orchid with 3 to 8, mostly basal oblong-lanceolate, unmarked, pale green leaves and a few sheath-like leaves higher up along the stem that blooms in the late winter and spring on a conical to ovoid, densely few to many flowered inflorescence.

    Synonyms Neotinea corsica (Viv.) W.Foelsche 2002; Neotinea lactea (Poir.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Orchis acuminata Desfontaines 1800; Orchis corsica Viv. 1824; Orchis hanrici Hénon 1846; Orchis hanrii Jordan 1846; Orchis lactea var. hanrici (Hénon) Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis lactea var. hanrii (Jordan) Camus, Bergon & Camus; Orchis tridentata subsp. lactea (Poir.) Rouy 1912; Orchis tridentata var. acuminata (Desf.) Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis tridentata var. hanrici (Hénon) Maire & Weiller 1959

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list as Neotinea lactea, IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis lactea var. hanrici (Hénon) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis lactea var. hanrii (Jordan) Camus, Bergon & Camus - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis laeta Steinh. 1838 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis lagotis Rchb. f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia [Linne]Soo' 1983

    ~Orchis lanceata A.Dietr. 1833 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis lancibracteata K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

  17. Orchis langei K. Richter 1890

    Photo courtesy of P.Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold Spring

    The O mascula Group

    Common Name Lange's Orchis [German Orchid Collector later 1800's]

    Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]

    A small to medium sized, cool to cold growing terrestrial orchid from France, Spain and Morocco in open woodland and rarely short, poor grasslands at elevations up to 1700 meters with a slender, washed red apically stem carrying 2 to 6 basal, spreading to near erect, in a rosette, usually spotted with violet, oblong-lanceolate leaves with 1 to 4, smaller clasping cauline leaves above that blooms in the spring on an erect, racemose, terminal, cylindrical, lax, 4 to 10" [10 to 25 cm] long, 10 to 35 flowered inflorescence..

    Synonyms Androrchis langei (Lange ex K.Richt.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis hispanica Nieschalk 1970; Orchis incantata P.Delforge 1989; Orchis mascula subsp. hispanica (Nieschalk) Soó 1972; Orchis mascula subsp. laxifloriformis Rivas Goday 1946

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis lanigera Blanco 1837 - See Rhynchostylis retusa [L.]Blume 1825

    ~Orchis latifolia Haller ex Linne - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~*Orchis latifolia Linne 1753 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis latifolia Scop. 1772 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis latifolia f. aequiloba (Harz) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. ampla Asch. & Graebn.1907 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. blyttii Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. brevicalcarata (Harz) Soó1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. densa (Harz) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. gracilis Schur 1853 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. inaequiloba (Harz) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. laxa (Harz) Soó1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. macrobracteata (Schur) Soó 1928 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia f. pumila Freyn ex M.Schulze 1902 - See Dactylorhiza alpestris (Pugsley) Aver. 1983

    ~Orchis latifolia var. abbreviata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. aequiloba Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. beeringiana Cham. 1828 - See Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. brevibracteata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962 aOrchis latifolia var. brevicalcarata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. cambrica Pugsley 1935 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis latifolia var. comosa Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. conica Lindl. 1835 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. cordigera (Fr.) in H.G.L.Reichenbach 1851 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. densa Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. densiflora Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. eboracensis Godfrey 1885 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. elata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. elatior Batt. & Trab. 1884 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. foliosa Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza foliosa (Sol. ex E.N. Lowe) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. humilis Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. inaequiloba Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. incarnata (L.) Crép 1884 - See Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. indica Lindl. 1835 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis latifolia var. integra Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. junialis Verm. 1933 - See Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. lanceata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. laxa Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. laxiuscula Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. linguata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. longibracteata Neilr. 1846 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis latifolia var. macilenta Harz 1896- See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. macrobracteata Schur 1885 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. macrochlamys Asch. & Graebn 1907 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. magnicalcarata Harz 1896 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. munbyana (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. 1884 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. obtusa Harz 1896 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. orbiculatus Zapal 1906 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. parvicalcarata Harz 1896 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. pyramidalis Harz 1896 -See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. rochelii Griseb. & Schenk 1852 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. sparsiflora Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. traunsteineriiformis Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. trifida Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. trilobata Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis latifolia var. vulgaris Harz 1896 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis laurentina R.Bolos ex Vayr. 1880 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

  18. Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another Inflorescence Photo courtesy of JM.Dreuillaux and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCold LATESpringand EARLY Summer

    O palustris group

    Common Name The Loosley Flowered Orchis

    Flower Size 3/4" to 1" [2 to 2.5 cm]

    Found in Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Ukraine, Kazakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Leabanon, Syria, Israel, Jordam, Iraq and Iran in damp to marshy meadows, fens, streamsides and seepages at elevations up to 1600 meters as a medium to large sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with ellipsoid or globose tubers carrying an erect stem with 3 to 8, lanceolate or linear leaves that blooms in the late spring and early summer on a erect, 4 to 6" [10 to 15 cm] long, ovoid or cylydrical, loosely many [6 to 20] flowered inflorescence.

    Synonyms Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase 1997; Herorchis dinsmorei (Schltr.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis laxiflora (Lam.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis pseudolaxiflora (Czerniak.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis ambigua Degl. ex Le Gall 1852; Orchis dinsmorei (Schltr.) H.Baumann & Dafni 1981; Orchis elegans var. dinsmorei (Schltr.) H.I.Schäf. 1971; Orchis dubia Le Gall 1852; Orchis ensifolia Villars 1787; Orchis laxiflora subsp. dielsiana Soó 1926; Orchis laxiflora subsp. ensifolia (Villars) Ascherson & Graebner; Orchis laxiflora var. dinsmorei Schltr. 1927; Orchis laxiflora var. longibracteata Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861; Orchis laxiflora var. longibracteata Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861; Orchis mediterranea Ten. 1831; Orchis morio Ucria 1789; Orchis palustris subsp. laxiflora (Lam.) Batt. 1895; Orchis platychila K. Koch 1847; Orchis pseudolaxiflora Czerniak. 1941; Orchis tabernaemontani Gmelin 1808

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis laxiflora C.A.Mey. 1831 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001 - See Orchis cazorlensis Lacaita 1930

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. dielsiana Soó 1926 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. ensifolia (Villars) Ascherson & Graebner - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. palustris (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch 1844 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. palustris (Jacquin) Bonnier & Layens - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis laxiflora subsp. robusta (T.Stephenson) H.Sund. 1980 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis laxiflora var. dinsmorei Schltr. 1927 - See - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis laxiflora var. longibracteata Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis laxiflora var. mediterranea (Guss.) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez 1987 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis laxiflora var. palustris M-Bieb. - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis leptophylla K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis leptophylla var. laxa K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis leptophylla var. longifolia K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis leucantha Ham. ex Hook.f. 1890 - See Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis leucoglossa O. Schwarz 1934 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander ?

    ~*Orchis leucophaea Nutt. 1837 - See Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray 1867

    ~Orchis leucostachys Grisebach 1840 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis linearis Tourlet 1903 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1767

    ~Orchis lingua (L.) Scop. 1772 - See Serapias lingua Linne 1753

    ~Orchis lingua All. 1785 - See Serapias vomeracea [Burm.f.]Briq. 1910

    ~Orchis loeselii (L.) MacMill. 1892 - See Liparis loeselii (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis lokiana H.Baumann 1982 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis longebracteata F.W. Schmidt 1791 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis longibracteata Bivona-Bernardi 1806 - See Barlia robertiana (Loiseleur) W. Greuter 1967

    ~Orchis longibracteata Schur 1866 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis longicornis Lam. 1798 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis longicornu Salzm. ex Lindl 1835 -See Habenaria trifida Kunth 1816

  19. Orchis longicornu Poiret 1789

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool LATE Winterand Spring

    O morio Group Subgroup #1

    Common Name The Long-Horned Orchis

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    Found on the Islands of Corsica, Elba, the Majorcas and Sicily as well as Algeria and Tunisia in garrigue, maquis and short montane grasslands at elevations up to 2000 meters as a miniature to medium sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid with 2 subglobose tubers carrying an erect stem with 6 to 8, oblong-lanceolate leaves held in a basal rosette that blooms in late winter and the spring on a dense, oblong, 3 to 6" [7.5 to 15 cm] long, laxly flowered inflorescence with lanceolate, veined, tinted green or red floral bracts

    Synonyms Anacamptis longicornu (Poir.) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Orchis longicornu var. tlemecensis Batt. 1904; Orchis morio var. tlemecensis (Batt.) Maire & Weiller 1959

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis longicornu var. picta (Loisel.) Lindl. 1835- See Orchis picta Loiseleur 1827

    ~Orchis longicornu var. tlemecensis Batt. 1904 - See Orchis longicornu Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis longicruris Link 1799 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis longicruris subsp. longipenis Font Quer & P.Palau 1954 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis lusitanica Steud. 1841 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis lutea Dulac 1867 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis lutea var. subfusca Rchb.f. in ? - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis macedonica Griseb. 1846 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis macra Lindley 1835 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1787

    ~ Orchis macra Schur 1866 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis maculata Linne 1753 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata Thielens 1875 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata (Desf.) Batt. & Trab. 1884 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~Orchis maculata f. brevicalcarata Rohlena 1931 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~ Orchis maculata lusus immaculata Schur 1870 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis maculata subsp. baborica Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata subsp. elodes (Griseb.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata subsp. lancibracteata (K.Koch) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis maculata subsp. maurusia (Emb. & Maire) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata subsp. meyeri (Rchb.f.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. brachystachys A. Camus - see Dactylorhiza sudetica (Pöch ex Rchb. fil.) Averyanov 1982

    ~Orchis maculata var. broteri Sommier & Levier 1900 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis maculata var. cartaliniae (Klinge) Schltr. 1927 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis maculata var. cornubiensis Pugsley 1940 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. ericetorum E.F.Linton 1900 - See Dactylorhiza ericetorum (E.F.Linton) Aver. 1981

    ~Orchis maculata var. heuffelii (Borsos & Soó) Pauca 1972 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. hunyadensis (Borsos & Soó) Pauca 1972 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. kolaensis Montell 1947 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. meyeri Rchb. fil. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. nesogenes Briq. 1910 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. okellyi Druce 1909 - See - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. olgae (Soó) Pauca 1972 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. pontica (H.Fleischm. & Hand.-Mazz.) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis maculata var. psychrophila Schltr. 1928 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. pumila Neuman - see Dactylorhiza sudetica (Pöch ex Rchb. fil.) Averyanov 1982

    ~Orchis maculata var. sacciferoides Klinge ex Schulze 1902 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maculata var. schurii (Klinge) Pauca 1972 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis maculata var. sudetica Pöch ex Rchb. fil. 1851 - see Dactylorhiza sudetica (Pöch ex Rchb. fil.) Averyanov 1982

    ~Orchis maculata var. trilobata De Brebisson 1879 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maderensis Summerhayes 1948 - Dactylorhiza foliosa (Solander) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maireana G.Keller 1932 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis mairei H.Lév. 1916 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis majalis Reich.f. 1828 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis Neuman 1905 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. barlae E.G.Camus 1921 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. brevicalcarata Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. immaculata Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. laxa Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. linearis Thielens 1875 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. linguata Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. maculata Thielens 1875 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis f. magnicalcarata Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis lus. albiflora Thielens 1875 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis lus. alborosacea Erdner 1911 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis lus. pallida Thielens 1875 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides Pugsley 1936 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis majalis var. eborensis Godfrey 1933 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis majalis var. tharandina Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis markusii Tineo 1817 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis martrinii Timb.-Lagr. 1856 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

  20. Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Inflorescence Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Part sunCool to Cold Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Male Orchis - The Early Purple Orchid

    Flower Size about 1" [to 2.5 cm]

    Found in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Great Britain,. Norway, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Sardinia, Sicily, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, eastern Aegaen Islands, Greece, Turkey Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, most of Russia, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, leabanon, Syria, Iraq and Iran as small to medium sized, cold to cool growing terrestrial with ellipsoid tubers carrying an erect stem with 3 to 5, basal in a rosette, oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, glossy, often spotted dark purple lower leaves and becoming leaf sheaths higher on the stem that blooms in the spring on a oblong in shape, 3 to 5" [7.5 to 12.5 cm] long, many [6 to 20] flowered inflorescence with 1 to 3 veined, lanceolate, purple tinted floral bracts.

    Witches in Europe have been known to concoct love potions with the tubers of this species.

    Synonyms Androrchis mascula (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Androrchis ovalis (F.W.Schmidt) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Androrchis tenera (Landwehr) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; × Orchidactyla kromayeri (M.Schulze) Borsos & Soó 1966; × Orchidactyla pentecostalis (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966 ; × Orchidactyla speciosissima (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966; Orchis brevicornis var. fallax De Not. 1844; Orchis cochleata Fleischm. & M.Schulze 1902; Orchis compressiflora Stokes 1812 ; Orchis fallax (De Not.) Willk. in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861; Orchis glaucophylla A. Kern 1864; Orchis kromayeri M.Schulze 1904; Orchis mascula f. longifolia Landwehr 1977; Orchis mascula subsp. occidentalis O.Schwarz 1949; Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó 1927; Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi 1909; Orchis mascula subsp. tenera (Landwehr) Del Prete 1999; Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii (E.Wulff) Soó 1932 ; Orchis mascula var. acutiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837; Orchis mascula var. bicolor Balayer 1986; Orchis mascula var. fallax E.G.Camus 1889; Orchis mascula var. hostii Patze, E.H.F.Mey. & Elkan 1848; Orchis mascula var. maritzii J.A.Guim. 1887; Orchis mascula var. monsignatica Font Quer 1928; Orchis mascula var. obtusiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837; Orchis mascula var. speciosa Mutel 1836; Orchis mascula var. tenera Landwehr 1977; Orchis monsignatica (Font Quer) Rivas Goday 1941; Orchis morio f. mascula Linne 1753; Orchis morio var. mascula L. 1753; Orchis obtusa Schur 1866; Orchis obtusiflora Schur 1853; Orchis olivetorum Gren. ex Nyman 1882; Orchis ovalis F.W. Schmidt 1791; Orchis parreissii C.Presl 1845; Orchis patens var. fallax (De Not.) Rchb.f. 1851; Orchis pentecostalis Wettst. & Sennhol 1889; Orchis signifera Vest 1824; Orchis speciosa Host 1831; Orchis speciosissima Wettst. & Sennholz 1889; Orchis stabiana Tenore 1833; Orchis tenera (Landwehr) Kreutz 1991; Orchis untchji M.Schulze 1907; Orchis vernalis Salisbury 1796; Orchis wanjkovii E.Wulff 1930; Orchis wilmsii K.Richt. 1890

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 28 No 5 1959; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 1 1987 drawing; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis mascula Alsch. 1832 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis mascula Moris non L. - See Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) J. & P. Devillers-Terschuren 1991

    ~Orchis mascula f. longifolia Landwehr 1977 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. hispanica (Nieschalk) Soó 1972 - See Orchis langei K. Richter 1890

    ~*Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae Corrias 1982 - See Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) J. & P. Devillers-Terschuren 1991

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. laxifloriformis Rivas Goday 1946 - See Orchis langei K. Richter 1890

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. occidentalis O.Schwarz 1949 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. olbiensis (Reuter) Ascherson & Graebner 1907 - See Orchis olbiensis Reuter ex Barla 1859

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. scopulorum (Summerh.) H.Sund. 1980 - See Orchis scopulorum Summerhayes 1961

    ~ Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó 1927 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755 Photo courtesy of © Bill Temple

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo;

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi 1909 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. tenera (Landwehr) Del Prete 1999 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii (E.Wulff) Soó 1932 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. acutiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. bicolor Balayer 1986 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. fallax E.G.Camus 1889 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. hostii Patze, E.H.F.Mey. & Elkan 1848 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. maritzii J.A.Guim. 1887 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. monsignatica Font Quer 1928 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. obtusiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. speciosa Mutel 1836 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis mascula var. tenera Landwehr 1977 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis matodes Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorhiza cruenta (O.F. Müller) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis mauri Jord. ex Cortesi 1903 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~*Orchis mauritiana Poir. 1798 - See Angraecum mauritianum [Poir.]Frapp. 1891

    ~Orchis mauritiana Sieber ex Steud. 1840 - See Cynorkis fastigiata Thouars 1822

    ~Orchis maurusia Emb. & Maire 1930 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis maxima Koch 1847 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis mediterranea Gussone 1826 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis mediterranea Ten. 1831 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis mediterranea Klinge nom. illeg. 1899 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis mediterranea subsp. georgica Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis mediterranea subsp. pseudosambucina (Tenore) Klinge comb. illeg - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis mediterranea subsp. siciliensis Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis melchifafii Hautz. 1979 publ. 1980 - See - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis merovensis Grossh. 1927 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis michaelis Sennen - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

  21. !Orchis militaris Linne 1753 [Type] Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another Flower Photo courtesy of Th.Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O militaris Group

    Common Name The Helmut-Like Orchis - The Military Orchid

    Flower Size 3/4" [2cm]

    Found in Great Britain, Sweden, Spain, France, Belgium, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Crimea, Ukraine, all of Russia, western Siberia and Mongolia as a small to medium sized, cold growing, erect terrestrial from thickets on marl, limestone soils and open meadows at elevations up to 2200 meters with ovoid or ellipsoid tubers carrying basal, unmarked, shiny, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, prostrate leaves that blooms in the spring on a 3 to 5" [7.5 to 12.5 cm] long, oblong or pyramidal in shape, many [10 to 40] flowered inflorescence with violet bracts and with showy flowers.

    Synonyms Orchis cinerea Schrank 1789; Orchis galeata Poiret 1789; Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii (Rchb.f.) B.Baumann & al. 2003; Orchis militaris var. tenuifrons P.D.Sell in P.D.Sell & G.Murrell 1996; Orchis mimusops Thuill 1799; Orchis nervata Marchand 1827; Orchis punctulata subsp. stevenii (Rchb.f.) H.Sund. 1980; Orchis raddeana Regel 1869; Orchis rivini Gouan 1775; Orchis stevenii Rchb.f. 1849; Strateuma militaris (L.) Salisb. 1812

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 33 No 1 1964 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 5 1983 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 1 1985 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 6 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 68 No 4 1999 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 72 No 12 2003 drawing; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis militaris Poir. 1789 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis militaris Sm. 1808 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1767

    ~Orchis militaris Puccin. ex Parl. 1860 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii (Rchb.f.) B.Baumann & al. 2003 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis militaris var. tenuifrons P.D.Sell in P.D.Sell & G.Murrell 1996 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis mimusops Thuill 1799 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis miniata Crantz 1769- See Gymnadenia rubra Wettstein 1889

    ~Orchis mixta Retz 1779 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis monorchis Linne. 1785 - See Herminium monorchis (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~*Orchis monorrhiza Sw. 1788 - See Habenaria monorrhiza [Sw.]Rchb.f 1885

    ~Orchis monsignatica (Font Quer) Rivas Goday 1941 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis montana F.W.Schmidt 1793 - See Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. 1828

    ~Orchis monticola Klinge1898 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis moravica Jacquin 1783 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis moria Retz. 1779 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

  22. Orchis morio Linne 1753

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O morio Group Subgroup #1

    Common Name The Fool Orchis - The Green Winged Orchid

    Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]

    From Ireland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Scicily, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany Denmark, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Eastern Aegaen Islands, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Central Russia, Leabanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Iran in short, poor grasslands, meadows, alpine pastures and forest fringes at elevations up to 2000 meters as a small to medium sized, cold growing, terrestrial that has a thick, washed with violate at the tip stem and carrying 5 to 9 basal, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate leaves the uppermost becoming leafsheaths and blooms in the spring on a pyramidal, or oblong, 2 to 4" [5 to 10 cm] long, densly many [5 to 25] flowered inflorescence with the upermost flowers opening last and has lanceolate bracts.

    Synonyms Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Herorchis albanica (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis morio (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008Orchis albanica Gölz & H.R.Reinhard 1984; Orchis candida A.Terracc. 1910; Orchis champagneuxii var. mesomelana (Rchb.f.) D.Tyteca 1986; Orchis crenulata Gilib. 1792; Orchis graeca Orph. ex Soó 1928; Orchis intermedia Meigen & Weniger 1819; Orchis moria Retz. 1779; Orchis morio f. velutina (Schur) Pauca 1972; Orchis morio subsp. albanica (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Buttler 1986; Orchis morio var. longicalcarata Boiss. 1842; Orchis morio var. mesomelana Rchb.f. 1851; Orchis morio var. velutina Schur 1866; Orchis nicodemi Ten. 1811; Orchis officinalis Salisb. 1796; Orchis skorpili Velen. 1886; Serapias athensis Lej 1813

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 11 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis morio Ucria 1789 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis morio f. mascula Linne 1753 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis morio f. velutina (Schur) Pauca 1972 - See - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis morio subsp. albanica (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Buttler 1986 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~ Orchis morio subsp. boryi (Rchb.f.) Soó - See Anacamptis boryi (Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997

    ~Orchis morio subsp. champagneuxii (Barneoud) Camus 1929 - See Orchis champageneuxii Barn.?

    ~Orchis morio subsp. picta (Loiseleur) K. Richter 1890 - See Orchis picta Loiseleur 1827

    ~Orchis morio subsp. syriaca E.G.Camus 1908 - See Orchis syriaca (E.G.Camus) Boiss. ex H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis morio var. champagneuxii (Barneoud) Guimar 1887 - See O. champagneuxii Barn. ?

    ~Orchis morio var. longicalcarata Boiss. 1842 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis morio var. mascula L. 1753 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis morio var. mesomelana Rchb.f. 1851 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis morio var. picta (Lois.) Rchb. f. 1850 - See Orchis picta Loiseleur 1827

    ~Orchis morio var. tlemecensis (Batt.) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis longicornu Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis morio var. velutina Schur 1866 - See - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis moritziana Brügger 1874 - See Gymnadenia rubra Wettstein 1889

    ~Orchis mrkvickana Velen. 1922 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis munbyana Boissier & Reuter 1852 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis muscaria Scop. 1772 - See Ophrys insectifera Linne 1753

    ~Orchis muscifera (Huds.) Salisb. 1796 - See Ophrys insectifera Linne 1753

    ~Orchis musciflora Schrank 1789 - See Ophrys insectifera Linne 1753

    ~Orchis myodes (Jacq.) Bernhard 1800 - See Ophrys insectifera Linne 1753

    ~Orchis mysorensis B.Heyne ex Wall. 1832 - See Habenaria digitata Lindl.1835

    ~Orchis natalis Tineo 1817 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis natolica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1854 - See Dactylorhiza iberica (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis nemorosa Montandon 1868 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis nervata Marchand 1827 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis nesogenes (Briq.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud 1912 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis nicodemi Ten. 1811 - See Orchis morio L. 1753

    ~Orchis nicodemi Sieber ex Steud. 1841 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis nigra (L.) Scop. 1772 - See Gymnadenia nigra (L.) Rchb.f 1856

    ~*Orchis nivea Nutt. 1818 - See Habenaria nivea [Nutt.]Lindley 1826

    ~Orchis obsoleta Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis obtusa Schur 1866 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~*Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh 1813 - See Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis obtusiflora Schur 1853 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis obtusifolia Schur 1853 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis ochrantha Fleischm. 1908 publ. 1909 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis ochroleuca Ten. 1826 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis ochroleuca Schur 1866 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis odoratissima Linne 1763 - See Gymnadenia odoratissima (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1818

    ~Orchis oestrifera (M.Bieb.) M.Bieb. 1819 - See Ophrys scolopax Cavanilles 1799

    ~Orchis officinalis Salisb. 1796 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis okellyi (Druce) Druce 1915 - See Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó 1962

  23. Orchis olbiensis Reuter ex Barla 1859

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and His Orchids of France and Europe

    FragancePart sunCool to Cold Spring

    O Mascula Group

    Common Name Olbia Orchis [Town On South Coast of France]

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    A miniature to small sized, cold to cool growing terrestrial orchid that is found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Portugal, the Majorccas, France, Italy, and Corsica in short, poor grassland, garrigue, scrub and open woodlands at elevations up to 2000 meters with a sometimes flexuous stem carrying 3 to 6, basal, unmarked or with blackish-violet blotches or brownish streaks leaves with 1 to 3, smaller, clasping cauline leaves above that blooms in the spring on an erect, terminal, lax, often ovoid, 1.2 to 3.2" [3 to 8 cm] long, 6 to 15 flowered inflorescence carrying often pleasingly scented flowers.

    Synonyms Androrchis olbiensis (Reut. ex Gren.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis mascula subsp. olbiensis (Reuter) Ascherson & Graebner 1907; Orchis olivetorum Dörfler 1882

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis olbiensis Ardoino ex Moggr. 1864 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis olbiensis subsp. ichnusae (Corrias) Buttler 1986 - See Orchis ichnusae (Corrias) J. & P. Devillers-Terschuren ?

    ~Orchis olivetorum Gren. ex Nyman 1882 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis olivetorum Dörfler -See Orchis olbiensis Reuter ex Barla 1859

    ~Orchis olocheilos var. sanasunitensis (H.Fleischm.) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~*Orchis orbiculata Pursh. 1814 - See Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. 1826

    ~Orchis orientalis (Rchb. f.) Richter - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis orientalis (Rchb.f.) Klinge 1898 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis orientalis subsp. africana Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis orientalis subsp. foliosa (Rchb.f.) Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza foliosa (Sol. ex E.N. Lowe) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis orientalis subsp. turcestanica Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis ornithis Jacq. 1774 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis ovalis F.W. Schmidt 1791 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

  24. Orchis pallens Linne 1771

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and His Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrancePart sun Cold Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Pale Orchis

    Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]

    Found in Spain, France, Germany, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Poland as a small to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial found only in calcareous soils in montane beech, pine and fir forests at elevations up to 2000 meters with 4 to 6, in a basal rosette to erect, oblong or oblong-ovate leaves with the uppermost few being sheath-like that blooms in the spring on a 2 to 5" [5 to 12.5 cm] long, rather dense, pyramidal to oblong in shape, inflorescence with fragrant [foul and mostly nocturnal] flowers.

    Synonyms Androrchis pallens (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis pseudopallens K.Koch 1846; Orchis sulphurea Sims 1825

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 4 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis pallens Savi - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis pallens Moritzi 1844 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis palmata Gilib. 1792 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis paludosa (L.) Pall. 1776 - See Hammarbya paludosa (Linne) Kuntze 1891

  25. Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    Photo courtesy of JM.Dreuillaux and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold Springand EARLY Summer

    O palustris Group Subgoup #1

    Common Name The Swamp-Living Orchis

    Flower Size to about 1" [to 2.5 cm]

    Found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, the Balearic Islands, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, eastern Aegaen Islands, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Kirygistan, Kazakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Saudi Arabia? in calcareous dune slacks, marshy meadows and fens at elevations up to 1800 meters in full sun on damp to wet basic substrates that are sometimes saline as a small to large sized, cold growing terrestrial with 4 to 6, linear-lanceolate to linear, unmarked, keeled leaves that blooms in the spring and early summer on a cylindric, 3 to 9" [7.5 to 2.5 cm] long, loose, many flowered inflorescence.

    Synonyms Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Anacamptis palustris subsp. robusta (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Anacamptis robusta (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman 2003; Orchis festiva Heuff. ex Rochel 1838; Herorchis palustris (Jacq.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis robusta (T.Stephenson) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis germanorum Moritz 1844; Orchis heuffeliana Schur 1853; Orchis laxiflora C.A.Mey. 1831; Orchis laxiflora subsp. palustris (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch 1844; Orchis laxiflora subsp. palustris (Jacquin) Bonnier & Layens; Orchis laxiflora subsp. robusta (T.Stephenson) H.Sund. 1980; Orchis laxiflora var. mediterranea (Guss.) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez 1987; Orchis laxiflora var. palustris M-Bieb.; Orchis mediterranea Gussone 1826; Orchis michaelis Sennen ?; Orchis palustris subsp. mediterranea (Guss.) Malag. 1968; Orchis palustris var. laxiflora Fridrichstahl; Orchis palustris var. mediterranea (Guss.) Schltr. 1926; Orchis palustris var. robusta T.Stephenson 1931; Orchis robusta (T.Stephenson) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard 1975 publ. 1976; Orchis speciosa Heuff. ex Rochel 1838

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis palustris subsp. laxiflora (Lam.) Batt. 1895 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis palustris subsp. mediterranea (Guss.) Malag. 1968 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis palustris var. laxiflora Fridrichstahl - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis palustris var. mediterranea (Guss.) Schltr. 1926 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis palustris var. robusta T.Stephenson 1931 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

  26. Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    Photo by © Philip Wojtas and his Flicker Orchid Photo Site

    Side View Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another Inflorescence Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunColdLATE Winterand Spring

    O papilionacea Group

    Common Name The Butterfly Orchis

    Flower Size 1 1/4" [2.75 cm]

    Found in Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, the eastern Aegean Islands, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania , Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan and Iran in calcareous soils in dry grasslands, shrublands and open forests at elevations of sealevel to 1800 meters as a small to medium sized, cold growing erect terrestrial orchid with ovoid or globose tubers carrying a basal rosette of lanceolate to linear-lanceolate acute leaves that blooms in the late winter and spring on a 2 to 3" [5 to 7.5 cm] long, loosely 2 to 8 flowered, erect, angular, reddish towards the apex inflorescence with red tinted, lanceolate bracts carrying showy flowers.

    Synonyms Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Anacamptis papilionacea var. cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barrette) ined.; Dactylorhiza cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barrette) Hautz. 1979 publ. 1980; Herorchis papilionacea (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Herorchis papilionacea (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis bruhnsiana (Gruner) Mojorov ex Grossh. 1928; Orchis caspia Trautv. 1873; Orchis cyrenaica E.A.Durand & Barrette 1910; Orchis decipiens Tod ?; Orchis heroïca Clarke ?; Orchis melchifafii Hautz. 1979 publ. 1980; Orchis papilionacea f. rosea (Alleiz.) Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis papilionacea subsp. alibertis G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar 2001; Orchis papilionacea subsp. bruhnsiana (Gruner) Soó in ?; Orchis papilionacea subsp. heroica (E.D.Clarke) H.Baumann 1986; Orchis papilionacea subsp. rubra (Jacquin) Sundermann 1968; Orchis papilionacea var. bruhnsiana Gruner 1867; Orchis papilionacea var. cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barrette) P.Delforge 2000; Orchis papilionacea var. heroïca (Clarke) Delforge 1991; Orchis papilionacea var. major E.G.Camus 1900; Orchis papilionacea var. parviflora Willk. 1861; Orchis papilionacea var. rosea Alleiz. 1923; Orchis papilionacea var. rubra (Jacq.) Lindl. 1835; Orchis rubra var. expansa (Ten.) Lindl. 1835; Orchis schirwanica Woronow 1909; Vermeulenia caspia (Trautv.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1972; Vermeulenia papilionacea var. cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barrette) Szlach. 2001

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 53 No 2 1984 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    ~Orchis papilionacea f. grandiflora (Boiss.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al. 1931 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea f. rosea (Alleiz.) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea subsp. alibertis G.Kretzschmar & H.Kretzschmar 2001 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea subsp. bruhnsiana (Gruner) Soó in ? - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    Orchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Tenore) Raynaud 1985

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold LATE Winterand Spring

    O papilionacea Group

    Common NameThe Large Flowered Orchis

    Flower Size 1 1/4" [2.75 cm]

    Found in Sicily, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Algeria and Morocco as a small sized, cold growing, terrestrial orchid with ovoid or globose tubers carrying a basal rosette of lanceolate to linear-lanceolate acute leaves that blooms in the late winter and spring on a laxly to densly few flowered, erect, angular reddish towards the apex inflorescence carrying showy flowers .

    Synonyms Herorchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Ten.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; *Orchis expansa Tenore 1829; Orchis papilionacea f. grandiflora (Boiss.) Maire 1931; Orchis papilionacea subsp. grandiflora (Boissier) H. Baumann 1969; Orchis papilionacea var. expansa (Ten.) Lindl. 1835; Orchis papilionacea var. grandiflora Boissier 1842; Orchis rubra Jacquin 1781;

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005 as Orchis papilionacea var. grandiflora Boissier 1842; AOS Bulletin Vol 76 No 2 2007 photo

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    ~Orchis papilionacea subsp. grandiflora (Boissier) H. Baumann 1969 - See Orchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Tenore) Raynaud ?

    ~Orchis papilionacea subsp. heroica (E.D.Clarke) H.Baumann 1986 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea subsp. rubra (Jacquin) Sundermann 1968 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. bruhnsiana Gruner 1867 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. cyrenaica (E.A.Durand & Barrette) P.Delforge 2000 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. expansa (Ten.) Lindl. 1835 - See Orchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Tenore) Raynaud 1985

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. grandiflora Boissier 1842 - See Orchis papilionacea subsp. expansa (Tenore) Raynaud ?

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. heroïca (Clarke) Delforge 1991 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. major E.G.Camus 1900- See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. parviflora Willk. in H.M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange 1861 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. rosea Alleiz. 1923 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis papilionacea var. rubra (Jacq.) Lindl. 1835 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis parcifloroides Hand.-Mazz.1936 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis pardalina Pugsley 1934 - See Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis parlatoris Tineo 1817 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis parreissii C.Presl 1845 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis parviflora Poir. 1798 - See Pseudorchis albida (Linne) A. & D. Löve 1969

    ~Orchis parviflora Will. 1805 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~Orchis parviflora Ten. 1811 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis patens f. orientalis (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus 1908 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens subsp. canariensis (Lindl.) Asch. & Graebn. 1907 - See Orchis canariensis Lindl.1835

    ~Orchis patens subsp. falcicalcarata Wildh. 1974 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens subsp. orientalis (Rchb. f.) Ascherson & Graebner 1890 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens subsp. spitzelii (Saut. ex Koch) Löve & Kjellqvist - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens var. atlantica Battandier & Trabut 1884 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens var. asiatica Renz - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens var. canariensis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1851 - See Orchis canariensis Lindl.1835

    ~Orchis patens var. fallax (De Not.) Rchb.f. 1851 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis patens var. fontanesii Rchb.f. 1851- See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens var. orientalis Rchb.f. 1851 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis patens var. spitzelii Fiori & Paoletti - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

  27. Orchis pauciflora Tenore 1811

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Few Flowerwed Orchis

    Flower Size about 1 1/4" [2.75 cm]

    Found in Sicily, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Albania in short, poor grasslands, garrigue and open woodlands at elevations up to 1800 meters as a miniature to small sized, cold growing terrestrial that blooms in the spring on a 3/4 to 2" [2 to 5 cm] long, rather densly many flowereed inflorescencee.

    Synonyms Androrchis pauciflora (Ten.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Tenore) Camus 1908; Orchis provincialis var. pauciflora (Ten.) Batt. & Trab. 1884

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 63 No 11 1994 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis pauciflora Fisch. ex Lindl. 1835 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis pauciflora Sessé & Moç. 1894 - See Comparettia falcata Poepp. & Endl. 1835

    ~Orchis paucifolia Gaterau 1789 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis paxiana Schltr.1922 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis pectinata Thunb. 1794 - See Bartholina burmanniana (L.) Ker Gawl. 1818

    ~ *Orchis pectinata Sm.1806 - See Habenaria pectinata D.Don 1825

    ~Orchis peloria Foucault ex Poir. 1816 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis pentecostalis Wettst. & Sennhol 1889 - See × Orchidactyla pentecostalis (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966

    ~Orchis peramoena (A.Gray) Alph.Wood 1870 - See Platanthera peramoena A.Gray 1848

    ~Orchis persica Schltr. 1918 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis physoceras (Schltr.) Soó 1929 - See Amitostigma physoceras Schltr. 1924

    ~Orchis picta Raf 1808 - See Orchis picta Loiseleur 1827

  28. Orchis picta Loiseleur 1827

    Photo courtesy of F.Verhart and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O morio Group Subgroup #1

    Common Name The Ornate Orchis

    Flower Size .6" [1.5 cm]

    Found in Morocco, Algeria, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey in short, poor grasslands, meadows, alpine pastures and forest fringes at elevations up to 2000 meters as a minature to small sized, cold growing terrestrial with sometimes 3 tubers giving rise to 5 to 9 basal, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate leaves the uppermost becoming leafsheaths and blooms in the spring on a pyramidal, or oblong, 2 to 4" [5 to 10 cm] long, many [5 to 15] flowered inflorescence with the upermost flowers opening last and lanceolate bracts.

    Synonyms Anacamptis morio subsp. picta (Loisel.) Jacquet & Scappat. 2003; Anacamptis picta (Loisel.) R.M.Bateman 2003; Herorchis morio subsp. picta (Loisel.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis longicornu var. picta (Loisel.) Lindl. 1835; Orchis morio subsp. picta (Loiseleur) K. Richter 1890; Orchis morio var. picta (Lois.) Rchb. f. 1850; Orchis picta Raf 1808;

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 4 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 1 1980 photo O picta var alba; AOS Bulletin Vol 51 No 3 1982 photo as O morio ssp picta; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis picta Reinw. ex Lindl. 1857 - See Anoectochilus setaceus Blume 1825

    ~Orchis picta subsp. libani Renz in ? - See Orchis syriaca (E.G.Camus) Boiss. ex H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis plantaginea [L.] Sw. 1800 - See Erythrodes plantaginea (L.) Fawc. & Rendle 1910

    ~Orchis platanthera (Wallr.) E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm 1905 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis platychila K. Koch 1847 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis polliniana Spreng. 1815 - See Orchis coriophora Linne 1753

    ~Orchis pontica Fleischm. & Hand.-Mazz. 1909 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~ Orchis pontica H.Fleischm. & Hand.-Mazz. 1909 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~*Orchis praetermissa Druce 1913 Pub 1914- See Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis praetermissa var. macrantha Sipkes 1921 - See Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis praetermissa var. pulchella Druce 1920 - See Dactylorhiza purpurella (T. Stephenson & T.A. Stephenson) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis prosteveniella P.Delforge 2000 - See Steveniella satyrioides (Spreng.) Schltr. 1918

  29. Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCold Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name Provence Orchis [Region Of France]

    Flower Size to 1" [to 2.5 cm]

    Found in Spain, France Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, eastern Aegean Islands, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Crimea, Tunisia and Algeria in Garrigue, scrub and open woodlands at elevations up to 1700 meters as a small to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid with ovoid tuber carrying an erect stem carrying 2 to 8, basal in a rosette, often strongly blotched with violet, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate leaves that blooms in the spring on a lax to dense, cylindric, many [7 to 20] flowered inflorescence with 1 to 3 veined, lanceolate bracts.

    Synonyms Androrchis laeta (Steinh.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Androrchis provincialis (Balb.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis cyrilli Tenore 1820; Orchis laeta Steinh. 1838; Orchis leucostachys Grisebach 1840; Orchis mascula Alsch. 1832; Orchis olbiensis Ardoino ex Moggr. 1864; Orchis pallens Savi ?; Orchis provincialis var. laeta (Steinh.) Maire & Weiller 1959; Orchis pseudopallens Tod. 1842

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Tenore) Camus 1908 - See Orchis pauciflora Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis provincialis var. laeta (Steinh.) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis provincialis var. pauciflora (Ten.) Batt. & Trab. 1884 - See Orchis pauciflora Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis pseudo-conopsea Gren. 1865 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis pseudoconopea Gren. 1869 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis pseudoconopsea P.E.Parm. 1894 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis pseudolaxiflora Czerniak. 1941 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis pseudopallens K.Koch 1846 - See Orchis pallens Linne 1771

    ~Orchis pseudopallens Tod. 1842 - See Orchis provincialis Balbis ex Lamarck & De Candolle 1806

    ~Orchis pseudosambucina Tenore 1815 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis pseudosambucina subsp. castellana Rivas Goday 1945 - See Dactylorhiza insularis (Sommier) Landwehr 1969

    ~Orchis pseudosambucina subsp. georgica Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis pseudosambucina subsp. markusii (Tineo) Nyman - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    Orchis pseudosambucina var. fasciculata (Tineo) Nyman 1882 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis × pseudotraunsteineri subsp. suevica Fuchs 1919 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis psycodes L. 1753 - See Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis pulchella Hand.-Mazz. 1936 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis punctata Ruiz & Pav. ex Pupulin 1795 - See Trichocentrum pulchrum Poepp. & Endl. 1836

  30. Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and His Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrancePart sunCool LATE Winterand Spring

    O militaris Group

    Common Name The Small Dotted Orchis

    Flower Size about 5/8" [2.75 cm]

    A small to large sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid that is found in the eastern Aegean Islands? Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Crimea, Lebanon Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Iran in short grasslands, garrigue and abandoned cultivation, scrub and open woodlands at elevations up to 1400 meters with a thick, grooved, stem carrying near erect, basal, unmarked, shiny, broadly lanceolate leaves and 1 to 4 upper, smaller leaves that blooms in the late winter and spring on a terminal, cylindrical, 2 to 20" [5 to 40 cm] long, dense to loosely many flowered inflorescence carrying weakly scented of vanilla flowers.

    Synonyms Orchis punctulata subsp. schelkownikowii (Woronow) Soó 1966; Orchis punctulata subsp. sepulchralis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Soó 1927; Orchis schelkownikowii Woronow 1909; Orchis sepulchralis Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier 1854; Orchis steveniana Compère ex Lév. 1842

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 4 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis punctulata subsp. galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Soó 1927 - See Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. 1923

    ~Orchis punctulata subsp. schelkownikowii (Woronow) Soó 1966 - See Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    ~Orchis punctulata subsp. sepulchralis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Soó 1927 - See Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    ~Orchis punctulata subsp. stevenii (Rchb.f.) H.Sund. 1980 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753 [Type]

    ~Orchis punctulata var. galilaea Bornm. & M.Schulze 1898 - See Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. 1923

    ~Orchis purpurascens (Thouars) Spreng. 1826 - See Cynorkis purpurascens Thouars 1822

  31. Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    Habitat Photos by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another inflorescence Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCold Spring

    O militaris Group

    Common Name The Purple Orchis - The Lady Orchid

    Flower Size 1.2" [3 cm]

    A medium to large sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid from Great Britain, Algeria, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Crimea and Ukraine in short grasslands, garrigue, woodland edges and open woodlands at elevations up to 1800 meters with ellipsoid tubers carrying and erect stem with 3 to 6, oblong to oblong-ovate, glossy leaves that blooms in the spring on a 3 to 6" [7.5 to 15 cm] long, densely many [25 to 200] flowered inflorescence that is cylindrical in shape.

    Synonyms*Orchis bifolia Linne 1763; Orchis caucasica Regel 1898; Orchis fusca Jacquin ?; Orchis fuscata Pall. 1776; Orchis lokiana H.Baumann 1982; Orchis maxima Koch 1847; Orchis moravica Jacquin 1783; Orchis pontica Fleischm. & Hand.-Mazz. 1909; Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica (Regel) B.Baumann & al. 2003; Strateuma grandis Salisb. 1812

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 4 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 52 No 5 1983 photo; Orchid Digest Vol 48 No 5 1984 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 1 1985 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005 photo

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    ~Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica (Regel) B.Baumann & al. 2003 - See Orchis purpurea Hudson 1761

    ~Orchis purpurea var. stenoloba (Coss. & Germ.) Willk. 1861 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~*Orchis purpurella T. Stephenson & T.A. Stephenson 1920 - See Dactylorhiza purpurella (T. Stephenson & T.A. Stephenson) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis purpurella var. crassifolia T.Stephenson 1937 - See Dactylorhiza purpurella (T. Stephenson & T.A. Stephenson)

  32. Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    Photo courtesy of M.Verhart and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool Spring

    O mascula Group

    Common Name The Four Spot Orchis

    Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]

    Found in Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece and Turkey as a miniature to medium sized, cool growing terrestrial in calcareous soils in stony grasslands and open scrublands at elevations of sea level to 1500 meters with an ovoid tuber carrying an erect slender, flexuous stem with 2 to 4, linear to oblong-lanceolate leaves that are often spotted with purple that blooms in the spring on a slender, cylindrical, loosely many [to 20] flowered inflorescence with lanceolate bracts.

    Synonyms Anacamptis trichocera C. Koch 1849; Androrchis quadripunctata (Cirillo ex Ten.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Gymnadenia humilis Lindl. 1835; Orchis bipunctata Raf. 1814; Orchis cupanii Tod. 1842; Orchis hostii Tratt. 1814; Orchis nicodemi Sieber ex Steud. 1841; Orchis quadripunctata f. albiflora (Raulin) De Langhe & D'hose 1980; Orchis quadripunctata var. albiflora Raulin 1861; Orchis trichocera Brongn. in J.B.G.Bory de Saint-Vincent & al.1832

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

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    ~Orchis quadripunctata f. albiflora (Raulin) De Langhe & D'hose 1980 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis quadripunctata var. boryi (Rchb.f.) Nyman 1882 - See Anacamptis boryi (Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997

    ~Orchis quadripunctata subsp. brancifortii (Bivona-Bernardi) E.G. Camus 1928 - See Orchis brancifortii Bivona-Bernardi 1813

    ~Orchis quadripunctata var. albiflora Raulin 1861 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~*Orchis quinqueseta Michx. 1803 - See Habenaria quinqueseta (Michx.) Eaton 1829

    ~Orchis raddeana Regel 1869 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis radiata Thunb. 1794 - See Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. 1826

    ~Orchis rariflora K.Koch 1846 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis rassautae (Alleiz.) Alleiz. 1962 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis recurva Nyl. ex Fr. 1845 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis reichenbachii Mutel 1836 - See Gymnadenia rubra Wettstein 1889

    ~Orchis repens (L.) Eyster ex Poir. 1805 - See Goodyera repens (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis repens (Nutt.) Raf. 1818 - See Habenaria repens Nutt. 1818

    ~Orchis rhenana Höppner 1916 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis ricasoliana Parl. 1860 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis rigida Höppner 1925 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis rivini Gouan 1775 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis rivularis Heuff. ex Schur 1866 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis robertiana Loisel. 1807 - See Barlia robertiana (Loiseleur) W. Greuter 1967

    ~ *Orchis roborowskyi Maxim. 1887 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis robusta (T.Stephenson) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard 1975 publ. 1976 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis rocheliana (Klinge) Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis romana Sebastiani 1813 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis romana subsp. libanotica Mouterde 1966 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis romana var. guimaraesii E.G.Camus 1928 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

  33. Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1814

    Photo courtesy of Carl Austen

    Part sun Coolto Cold Summer

    Common Name The Round Leafed Orchis

    Flower Size 3/4" [2 cm]

    Found as a terrestrial in western Canada and NE USA at elevations of sealevel to 1100 meters and blooms in the summer on an erect, several flowered, racemose inflorescence with simultaneoulsy opening flowers.

    Synonyms Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén 1968; Amerorchis rotundifolia f. beckettii (Boivin) Hultén 1968; Amerorchis rotundifolia var. lineata (Mousley) W.J.Schrenk 1997; Habenaria rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Richardson 1823; Habenaria rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. 1835; Orchis grandiflora B.Heyne in N.Wallich 1832; Orchis rotundifolia f. beckettii Boivin 1960; Orchis rotundifolia var. lineata Mousley 1941; Platanthera rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. 1835; Ponerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Soó 1966

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 33 No 5 1964 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 60 No 6/537 1991 as Ameriorchis rotundifolia photo; Schlechteriana Vol 4 No 4 1993 as Ameriorchis rotundifolia f beckettiae; AOS Bulletin Vol 66 No 3 1997 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 72 No 9 2003 photo as Americorchis rotundifolia; AOS Bulletin Vol 78 No 1 2009 photo as Amerorchis rotundifolia; AOS Bulletin vol 78 No 5 2009 as Platanthera rotundifolia

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis rotundifolia f. beckettii Boivin 1960 - See Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1814

    ~Orchis rotundifolia var. lineata Mousley 1941 - See Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1814

    ~Orchis rubra Jacquin 1781 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis rubra var. expansa (Ten.) Lindl. 1835 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis rupestris (Miq.) Schltr. 1919 - See Orchis graminifolia (Reichb.f.) Tang & Wang 1940

    ~Orchis rupestre var. chidori Soó in ? - See Orchis graminifolia (Reichb.f.) Tang & Wang 1940

    ~Orchis ruthei M.Schulze 1897 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis saccata Tenore 1811 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis saccata d'Urv. 1822 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis saccata Rchb. 1830 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis saccata f. flavescens (Soó) Raynaud 1985 - See - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis saccata lus. flavescens Soó 1932 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~Orchis saccata var. fedtschenkoi (Czerniak.) Hautz. 1978 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~*Orchis saccifera Brongn. 1913 - See Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis sagittalis L.f. 1782 - See Disa sagittalis (L. f.) Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis sagittata Munby 1847 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~Orchis salina Fronius 1857 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina Linne 1755 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina Brot. 1804 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~ Orchis sambucina f. barlae Rouy 1912 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. bracteata M.Schulze 1889 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. hungarica Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. hybrida W.Zimm. in ? - See Dactylorhiza insularis (Sommier) Landwehr 1969

    ~Orchis sambucina f. lanceolata W.Zimm. 1916 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. laurentina (R.Bolos ex Vayr.) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. obovata W.Zimm. 1916 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. purpurea (W.D.J.Koch) Neuman 1901 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina f. robusta Neuman 1901 - See Dactylorhiza insularis (Sommier) Landwehr 1969

    ~Orchis sambucina f. rubrobracteata Harz ex Schltdl. 1895 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina laurentina (R.Bolos ex Vayr.) Willk. 1893 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina lusus hybrida W.Zimm. 1916 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina lusus lutea W.Zimm 1912 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina lusus luteopurpurea (Rouy) G.Keller & Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina lusus rubra (Winterl) Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina monstr. subregalis Soó 1933 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina subsp. laurentina (R.Bolos ex Vayr.) Malag. 1968 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina subvar. luteopurpurea Rouy 1912 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina subvar. purpurea (W.D.J.Koch) Rouy 1912 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. bracteata (M.Schulze) Harz 1895 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. hungarica (Soó) A.Camus 1928 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. incarnata Gaudin 1829 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. laurentina (R.Bolos ex Vayr.) Soó 1962 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. lutea E.G.Camus 1928 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. purpurea W.D.J.Koch 1837 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. rubra Winterl 1788 - SeeDactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. robusta Neuman 1901 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sambucina var. zimmermannii A.Camus 1928 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sanasunitensis H.Fleischm. 1914 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

  34. Orchis sancta Linne 1759

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrancePart sunCool Spring

    The O coriophora Group

    Common Name The Holy Land Orchis

    Flower Size .8" [2 cm]

    Found in Greece, Turkey, Syria and Lebanon in short poor grasslands, garrigue, scrub and open woodlands at elevations up to 900 meters as a small to large sized, cool growing terrestrial with 6 to 12, oblong-lanceolate to linear leaves that blooms in the spring on a cylindric to oblong, 2.4 to 4.4" [6 to 11 cm] long, dense inflorescence with lanceolate bracts that equal or exceed the ovary and slightly scented flowers.

    Synonyms Anacamptis sancta (L.) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase . 1997; Anacamptis urvilleana Somm. & Gatto 1915; Anteriorchis sancta (L.) E.Klein & Strack 1989; Herorchis sancta (L.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis coriophora subsp. sancta (Linne) Hayek ; Orchis coriophora var. sancta (Linne) Rchb. fil.;

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis satyrioides Steven 1809 - See Steveniella satyrioides (Spreng.) Schltr. 1918

    ~Orchis schelkownikowii Woronow 1909 - See Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    ~Orchis schirwanica Woronow 1909 - See Orchis papilionacea Linne 1759

    ~Orchis schleicheri Sweet 1827 - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis scopolii Timb.-Lagr. 1855 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

  35. Orchis scopulorum Summerhayes 1961

    Photo courtesy of R. Buscail and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Warm LATERSpring

    The O mascula Group

    Common Name The Rock Growing Orchis

    Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]

    Endemic to Madeira, an island to the west of Morocco and north of the Canary Islands on banks, cliff fissures and scree in rainy trade wind zone at elevations of 1000 to 1800 meteres as a medium to large sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid with a slendre, often flexuous, upper half tinted red stem carrying 3 to 5, basal, spreading in a rosette, unmarked, oblong to lanceolate leaves with 2 to 5, smaller, clasping cauline leaves above that blooms in the later spring on an erect, terminal, conical to near cylindrical, near lax, to 4" [to 10 cm] long, 8 to 25 flowered inflorescence.

    Synonyms Androrchis scopulorum (Summerh.) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis mascula subsp. scopulorum (Summerh.) H.Sund. 1980

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis scutellata Nutt. 1835 - See Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis secunda (Nevski) Vorosch.1966 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis secundiflora Bertol. 1806 - See Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) Stearn 1975

    ~Orchis sepulchralis Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier 1854 - See Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    ~Orchis sesquipedalis Willd. 1805 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis sesquipedalis var. iberica T.Stephenson 1928 - See Dactylorhiza latifolia (Linne) Soó 1983

    ~Orchis setacea Jacq. 1760 - - See Habenaria monorrhiza [Sw.]Rchb.f 1885

    ~Orchis setacea Gilib. 1792 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis siciliensis Klinge 1898 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sicula Tineo 1817 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis siculorum (Soó) Soó 1927 - See Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis signifera Vest 1824 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

  36. Orchis simia Lamarck 1767 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Plant and Flowers in situ Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sun Cold Spring

    O militaris Group

    Common Name The Monkey Orchis [refers tothe lip shape]

    Flower Size 1 1/4" [2.75 cm]

    A small to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial from Great Britain, Libya, Algeria, Spain, the Balaeric Islands, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, the eastern Aegean Islands, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Crimea, Turkmeistan, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Iran in calcareous soils in dry grasslands, scrub and open forests at elevations of sea level to 1500 meters with a green stem carrying 2 to6 basal, near erect to spreading, in a rosette, unmarked, whitish green, oval to lanceolate, slightly channeled leaves and 1 to 4, smaller, clasping, cauline leaves above that blooms in the spring on an oblong, densly many [15 to 55] flowered, 2 to 3" [5 to 7.5 cm] long inflorescence with the lowermost flowers opening last.

    Synonyms Orchis cercopitheca Poir 1798; Orchis italica Lamarck ?; Orchis linearis Tourlet 1903; Orchis macra Lindley 1835; Orchis militaris Sm. 1808; Orchis smithii Sweet 1826; Orchis taubertiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann 2001; Orchis tephrosantha Vill 1779; Orchis zoophora Tuil. 1799

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 38 No 9 1969 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 49 No 4 1980 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 50 No 10 1981 photo; Orchid Digest Vol 48 No 5 1984 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 54 No 1 1985 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis simia Vill. 1787 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge 1990 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis skorpili Velen. 1886 - See Orchis morio Linne 1753

    ~Orchis smithii Sweet 1826 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1767

    ~Orchis solida Moench 1794 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sooi S.S.Ying 1990 - See Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis sparsiflora Ten. ex Boiss. 1882 - See Orchis collina Banks & Solander 1794

    ~*Orchis spathulata L.f. 1782 - See Disa spathulata (L.f.) Sw. 1800

    ~*Orchis speciosa L.f. 1782 - See Bonatea speciosa [L.f.] Willd. 1805

    ~Orchis speciosa Host 1831 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis speciosa Heuff. ex Rochel 1838 - See Orchis palustris Jacquin 1786

    ~Orchis speciosissima Wettst. & Sennholz 1889 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis spectabilis L. 1753 - See Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1833

    ~Orchis spectabilis f. albiflora Ulke 1938 - See Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1833

    ~Orchis spectabilis f. willeyi F.Seym. 1970 - See Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1833

  37. Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool to Cold Springand EARLY Summer

    O mascula Group

    Common Name Spitzel's Orchis [German Botanist 1800's]

    Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]

    Found in Morocco, Algeria, Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria and Lebanon as a small to medium sized, cool to cold growing terrestrial orchid found in beech, pine, fir and oak woodlands on calcareous soils at elevations of sea level to 1800 meters with tinted brownish red, slendre stems carrying 2 to 7, basal, oval-lanceolate, spreading to near erect, unmarked leaves and 1 to 3, smaller, clasping cauline ones above that blooms in the spring and early summer with 10 to 20 flowers in a rather cylindrical, dense inflorescence.

    Synonyms Androrchis spitzelii (Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Barlia spitzelii (Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch) Szlach. 2001; Orchis kelleri Hunz. ex G.Keller & Soó 1932; Orchis maireana G.Keller 1932; Orchis mrkvickana Velen. 1922; Orchis orientalis (Rchb. f.) Richter?; Orchis orientalis (Rchb.f.) Klinge 1898; Orchis patens f. orientalis (Rchb.f.) E.G.Camus 1908; Orchis patens subsp. falcicalcarata Wildh. 1974; Orchis patens subsp. orientalis (Rchb. f.) Ascherson & Graebner 1890; Orchis patens subsp. spitzelii (Saut. ex Koch) Löve & Kjellqvist 1973; Orchis patens var. atlantica Battandier & Trabut 1884; Orchis patens var. asiatica Renz; Orchis patens var. fontanesii Rchb.f. 1851; Orchis patens var. spitzelii Fiori & Paoletti; Orchis patens var. orientalis Rchb.f. 1851; Orchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez 1987; Orchis spitzelii var. gotlandica Petterson 1940; Orchis spitzelii var. sendtneri Rchb. f.; Orchis viridi-fusca Albov. 1895

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 1 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis spitzelii subsp. cazorlensis (Lacaita) D.Rivera & Lopez Velez 1987 - See Orchis cazorlensis Lacaita 1930

    ~Orchis spitzelii subsp. gotlandica (B.Pett.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1948 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis spitzelii var. gotlandica Petterson 1940 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch 1837

    ~Orchis spitzelii var. sendtneri Rchb. f. - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch ?1837

    ~*Orchis squamosa Poir. 1798 - See Cynorkis squamosa (Poir.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis stabiana Tenore 1833 - See Orchis mascula [Linne]Linne 1755

    ~Orchis steegeri Höppner 1927 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis stenanthera (Wallr.) E.H.L.Krause 1905 - See Platanthera bifolia (Linne) L.C.M. Richard 1817

    ~Orchis steveniana Compère ex Lév. 1842 - See Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindley 1835

    ~Orchis stevenii Rchb.f. 1849 - See Orchis militaris Linne 1753

    ~Orchis stracheyi Hook.f. 1890 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~*Orchis strateumatica L. 1753 - See Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. 1911

    ~Orchis strictifolia Opiz 1852 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis styllomisantha Vell. 1831 - See Galeandra styllomisantha (Vell.) Hoehne 1952

    ~Orchis stylosanthes Ham. ex Hook.f. 1890 - See Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wall. ex Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis suaveolens Salisb. 1796 - See Gymnadenia conopsea (Linne) R. Brown 1813

    ~Orchis subfusca (Rchb.f.) Murb. 1899 - See - See Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis sulphurea Link - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~Orchis sulphurea Sims 1825 - See Orchis pallens Linne 1771

    ~Orchis sulphurea var. markusii (Tineo) Maire 1931 - See Dactylorhiza markusii (Tineo) H. Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~*Orchis susannae L. 1753 - See Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf. 1837

    ~Orchis susannae Thunb.1784 - See Habenaria radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. 1826

  38. Orchis syriaca (E.G.Camus) Boiss. ex H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    Part sunCool LATE Winterand EARLY Spring

    O morio Group Subgroup #1

    Common Name The Syrian Orchis

    Flower Size .6" [1.5 cm]

    Found in Turkey, Cyprus, Syria and Lebanon in short grasslands, garrigue, olive groves and open woodlands at elevations up to 1300 meters as a miniature to small sized, cool growing terrestrial orchid with to 5 to 9 basal, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate leaves the uppermost becoming leafsheaths and blooms in the late winter and early spring on a pyramidal, or oblong, 2 to 4" [5 to 10 cm] long, laxly to densely many [5 to 30] flowered inflorescence with the upermost flowers opening last and lanceolate bracts.

    Synonyms Anacamptis syriaca (Boiss.ex H.Baumann & Künkele) R.M.Bateman, A.M.Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Herorchis syriaca (Boiss. ex H.Baumann & Künkele) D.Tyteca & E.Klein 2008; Orchis morio subsp. syriaca E.G.Camus 1908; Orchis picta subsp. libani Renz in ?

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    ~Orchis tabernaemontani Gmelin 1808 - See Orchis laxiflora Lamarck 1778

    ~Orchis taubertiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann 2001 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1767

    ~Orchis taurica Lindley 1835 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~*Orchis tenella L.f. 1782 -See Disa tenella (L.f.) Sw.1800

    ~Orchis tenera (Landwehr) Kreutz 1991 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis tenii Schltr. 1921 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis tenoreana Gussone 1844 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tenuifolia Burm.f. 1768 - see Disa tenuifolia Sw. 1800

    ~Orchis tenuifolia K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza romana (Sebastiani) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis tephrosantha Vill. 1779 - See Orchis simia Lamarck 1787

    ~Orchis tephrosanthos Desf. 1799 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tephrosanthos var. undulatifolia (Biv.) Webb 1838 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tetragona Heuff. 1833 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis tharandina Rchb.f. 1851 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~*Orchis tipuloides L.f. 1782 - See Platanthera tipuloides (L.f.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis transsilvanica Schur 1853 - See Dactylorhiza maculata (Linne) Soó 1962

    ~*Orchis traunsteineri Sauter ex Rchb. 1830 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis traunsteineri Saut. ex W.Koch 1837 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis traunsteineri var. serotina Hausskn. 1885 - See Dactylorchis majalis (Rchb. f.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh 1965

    ~Orchis traunsteinerioides (Pugsley) Pugsley 1940 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis trichocera Brongn. 1832 - See Orchis quadripunctata Cyrillo ex Tenore 1811

    ~Orchis tridactylites (Lindl.) Webb & Berthel. 1847 - See Habenaria tridactylites Lindl. 1835

  39. Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772 Photo by © Pieter C. Brouwer and his Photo Website

    Another Inflorescence

    Photo courtesy of Th. Pain and the Orchids of France and Europe

    FragrancePart sunCool to Cold Spring

    O tridentata Group

    Common Name The Three-Toothed Orchis

    Flower Size about 5/8" [2.75 cm]

    Found from Portugal, Spain, balaeric, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Germany, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Crimea, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Iran as a small to medium sized, cold to cool growing terrestrial orchid with erect stems carrying 3 to 4, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, unmarked, glacous green leaves that become sheath-like towards the apex that blooms in the spring on a conical to ovoid, to 2" [5 cm] long, densly many flowered inflorescence with weakly scented flowers.

    Synonyms Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Orchis aetnensis Tineo in G.Gussone 1844; Orchis brevilabris Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1854; Orchis mauri Jord. ex Cortesi 1903; Orchis parlatoris Tineo 1817; Orchis parviflora Ten. 1811; Orchis ricasoliana Parl. 1860; Orchis scopolii Timb.-Lagr. 1855; Orchis simia Vill. 1787; Orchis taurica Lindley 1835; Orchis tridentata f. alcicornis Landwehr 1977; chis tridentata var. variegata Rchb. f.; Orchis variegata All. 1785

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list as Neotina tridentata, IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis tridentata Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 - See Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer 1972

    ~Orchis tridentata f. alcicornis Landwehr 1977 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis tridentata subsp. commutata (Tod.) Nyman 1882 - See Orchis conica Willdenow 1805

    ~Orchis tridentata subsp. conica (Willd.) O.Bolòs & Vigo 2001 - See Orchis conica Willdenow 1805

    ~Orchis tridentata subsp. lactea (Poir.) Rouy 1912 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tridentata var. acuminata (Desf.) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tridentata var. hanrici (Hénon) Maire & Weiller 1959 - See Orchis lactea Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis tridentata var. variegata Rchb. f. - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~*Orchis tripetaloides L. f. 1781 - See Disa tripetaloides [Lf.] N.E. Br. 1889

    ~Orchis triphylla (Lindl.) Spreng. 1826 - See Cynorkis fastigiata Thouars 1822

    ~Orchis triphylla K.Koch 1849 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

    ~*Orchis triplicata Willem. 1796 - See Calanthe triplicata [Willem.]Ames 1907

    ~Orchis troodi (Renz) P.Delforge 1990 - See Orchis anatolica Boissier 1844

    ~Orchis turkestanica (Klinge) Klinge ex B.Fedtsch 1908 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~*Orchis umbrosa Kar. & Kir. 1842 - See Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski 1937

    ~Orchis undulata Poir. 1798 - See Schizodium flexuosum (L.) Lindl. 1838

    ~Orchis undulatifolia Biv. 1807 - See rchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis unifoliata Schltr.1921 - See Chusua roborowskyi (Maxim.) P.F.Hunt 1975

    ~Orchis untchji M.Schulze 1907- See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~*Orchis urvilleana Steud. 1841 - See Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1981

  40. Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    Photo courtesy of Pascal Pernot and His Orchids of France and Europe

    Fragrance Part shade Cold Springand Summer

    O tridentata Group

    Common Name The Burnt Red Orchis

    Flower Size 1/2" [1.25 cm]

    Found in Great Britain, Sweden, Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Czechloslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and most all of Russia and western Siberia as a small to medium sized, cold growing terrestrial orchid found at elevations up to 2400 meters with erect stems carrying 2 to 3, basal in a rosette, oblong, unmarked leaves with 1 to 2 apical bract-like leaves that blooms in the spring and summer on an 2" [5 cm] long, densly many flowered oblong inflorescence with membraneous, reddish bracts that are shorter than the ovaries and carries slightly fragrant flowers.

    Synonyms Neotinea ustulata (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase 1997; Neotinea ustulata subsp. aestivalis (Kümpel) Jacquet & Scappat. 2003; Orchis amoena Crantz 1769; Orchis columnae Schmidt 1791; Orchis hyemalis Raf. 1817; Orchis imbricata Vest. 1824; Orchis parviflora Willd. 1895; Orchis ustulata f. leopoliensis (Zapal.) Pauca 1972; Orchis ustulata subsp. aestivalis (Kümpel) Kümpel & A.C.Mrkvicka 1990; Orchis ustulata var. aestivalis Kümpel 1988; Orchis ustulata var. leopoliensis Zapal. 1906

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list as Neotinea ustulata, IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 2 1986 photo; Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Delforge 2005; AOS Bulletin Vol 76 No 2 2007 photo

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ~Orchis ustulata f. leopoliensis (Zapal.) Pauca 1972 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~Orchis ustulata subsp. aestivalis (Kümpel) Kümpel & A.C.Mrkvicka 1990 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~Orchis ustulata var. aestivalis Kümpel 1988 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~Orchis ustulata var. leopoliensis Zapal. 1906 - See Orchis ustulata Linne 1753

    ~*Orchis varia J.F.Gmelin 1791 - See Dendrophylax varius (C.C. Gmel.) Urb. 1918

    ~Orchis variegata All. 1785 - See Orchis tridentata Scopoli 1772

    ~Orchis variegata Schrank 1789 - See Gymnadenia rubra Wettstein 1889

    ~Orchis vernalis Salisbury 1796 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis vestita Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. 1803 - See Dactylorhiza elata (Poiret) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis virens Scop., Fl. Carniol. 1772 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis virescens Muhl. ex Willd. 1805 - See Coeloglossum viride [L.]Hartm. 1820

    ~Orchis virescens Zollikofer 1829 - See Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. 1828

    ~*Orchis viridiflora Rottler ex Sw 1800 - See Habenaria viridiflora (Rottler ex Sw.) Lindl. 1835

    ~Orchis viridi-fusca Albov 1895 - See Orchis spitzelii Sauter ex W. Koch ?

    ~Orchis viridis [L.]Crantz 1769 - See Coeloglossum viride (Linne) Hartman 1820

    ~Orchis viridis var. vaillantii Ten. 1831 - See Coeloglossum viride (Linne) Hartman 1820

    ~*Orchis vomeracea Burm. f. 1770 - See Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. 1910

    ~Orchis yatabei (Maxim. ex Makino) Makino 1948 - See Orchis fauriei Finet 1808

    ~Orchis wanjkovii E.Wulff 1930 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis welwitschii Rchb.f. 1851 - See Orchis italica Poiret 1789

    ~Orchis wilmsii K.Richt. 1890 - See Orchis mascula (Linne) Linne 1755

    ~Orchis wirtgenii Höppner 1916 - See Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Sauter) Soó 1962

    ~Orchis yunkiana (Fukuy.) S.S.Ying 1975 - See Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr. 1919

    ~Orchis zoophora Tuil. 1799 - See Orchis simia Lam. 1787

~`Orchites Schur 1866 - See Traunsteinera Rchb. 1842 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Orchideae, SUBTRIBE Orchidinae.

~Orchites globosa (L.) Schur 1866 - See Traunsteinera globosa (Linne) Rchb. 1842

Oreorchis Lindl. 1859 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Calypsoeae

There are approximately 16 species in this Asian genus occuring in the mountains with subterranean pseudobulbs with several internodes carrying 1 to 2, erect, plicate, linear to lanceolate, petiolate base leaves that blooms on a lateral, from the pseudobulb, racemsoe, usually several to many flowered inflorescence with spirally arranged, small to medium sized flowers with free, subsimilar, spreading to porrect sepals and petals, a 3 lobed to entire, clawed, spurless, ussually callose lip, a column with a short foot, a terminal, operculate anther and 4 globose to subglobose, superposed pollina.

Common Name or Meaning The Mountain Orchid

Lecto Type Species = ! = Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

Synonyms Diplolabellum F.Maek. 1935; Kitigorchis Maek. 1971

  1. Oreorchis foliosa (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis foliosa var. indica (Lindl.) N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb 1996 - See Oreorchis foliosa (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis gracilis Franch. & Sav. 1877 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis gracilis var. gracillima Hayata 1912 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis gracillima (Hayata) Schltr. 1919 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis indica (Lindl.) Hook.f. 1890 - See Oreorchis foliosa (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis lancifolia A.Gray 1859 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis laxiflora Ito ex Makino 1909 - See Tainia laxiflora Makino 1909

  2. !Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis patens var. confluens Hand.-Mazz. 1936 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis patens var. gracillima (Hayata) S.S.Ying 1988 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~Oreorchis setschuanica Ames & Schltr. 1919 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

    ~*Oreorchis unguiculata Finet 1896 - See Cremastra unguiculata (Finet) Finet 1897

    ~Oreorchis yunnanensis Schltr. 1921 - See Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. 1859

Orleanesia Barb. Rodr. 1877 SUBFAMILY Epidendroieae, TRIBE Epidendreae, SUBTRIBE Laeliinae

This epiphytic genus is characterized by having thick spindle shaped stems with distchious leaves on the upper half. They have a terminal racemose inflorescence with a few to many medium-sized flwoers. The sepals and petals are free, spreading and equal, with an entire lip that is articulated tothe base of the broad column that is ventrally concave which carries 4 pollina with caudicles. There are 10 or less species native to South America.

Common Name or Meaning Named for Gaston d'Orleans a Brazilian prince

Type Species = ! = Orleanesia amazonica Barb. Rod. 1877

Synonyms Huebneria Schltr. 1925; Pseudorleanesia Rauschert 1983

  1. Orleanesia maculata Garay 1956

    Part SunHot Spring

  2. Orleanesia mineirosensis Garay 1973

    Part shadeCool to Warm Spring

  3. Orleanesia pleurostachys (Linden & Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst. 1965

    Part SunHot Spring

    ~Orleanesia pradei C.Schweinf. & Garay 1953 - See Orleanesia pleurostachys (Linden & Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst. 1965

  4. Orleanesia yauaperyensis Barb.Rodr. 1891

~`Ormerodia Szlach. 2003 - See Cleisostoma Blume 1825

SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Aeridinae.

~Ormerodia belophora (Rchb.f.) Szlach 2003 - See Cleisostoma sagittiforme Garay 1972

~Ormerodia linearilobata (Seidenf. & Smitinand) Szlach. 2003 - See Cleisostoma sagittiforme Garay 1972

~Ormerodia sagittata (King & Pantl.) Szlach 2003 - See Cleisostoma sagittiforme Garay 1972

~Ormostema Raf. 1838 - See Dendrobium Sw. 1799 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Dendrobieae, SUBTRIBE Dendrobiinae.

~Ormostema albiflora Raf. 1836 - See Dendrobium moniliforme [Linn.]Sw. 1799

~Ormostema purpurea Raf. 1838 - See Dendrobium linawianum Rchb.f. 1861

~`Ornitharium Lindl. & Paxton 1851 - See Pteroceras Hasselt ex Hassk. 1842SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Aeridinae

~Ornitharium striatulum Lindl. & Paxton 1851 - See Pteroceras teres (Blume) Holttum 1960

~Ornithidium Salisb. 1813 - See Maxillaria Ruiz & Pavon 1794 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillarieae SUBTRIBE Maxillarinae

~Ornithidium acaule Hoffmsg. 1843 - See Maxillaria coccinea [Plum]L.O.Wms. 1954

~Ornithidium adendrobium (Rchb.f.) M.A.Blanco & Ojeda 2007 - See Maxillaria adendrobium (Rchb.f.) Dressler 1964

~Ornithidium album Hooker 1845 - See Maxillaria camaridii Rchb.f 1863

~Ornithidium alfaroi Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930 - See Maxillaria brevilabia Ames & Correll 1943

~Ornithidium amparoanum (Schltr.) Pabst 1976 - Maxillaria serrulata Ames & Correll 1943

~Ornithidium anceps Rchb.f. 1866 - See Maxillaria pseudoneglecta J.T.Atwood 1993

~Ornithidium aurantiacum Schltr. 1923 - See Maxillaria lankesteri Ames 1924

~Ornithidium aureum Poepp & Endl. 1835 - See Maxillaria gigantea [Lindl.] Dodson 1993

~Ornithidium bicolor Lindl. ex Rchb. f. 1863 - See Odontoglossum bicolor Lindley 1845

~*Ornithidium biolleyi Schltr. 1910 - See Maxillaria biolleyi (Schltr.) L.O.Williams 1941

~Ornithidium bolivianum Schlechter 1929 - See Maxillaria gigantea [Lindl.] Dodson 1993

~*Ornithidium bracteatum Schltr. 1911 - See Maxillaria bracteata (Schltr.) Ames & Correll

~Ornithidium ceriferum (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr. - See Maxillaria cerifera Barb. Rodr. 1877

~Ornithidium chloroleucum Barb. Rodr. 1882 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~Ornithidium coccineum Salisb. 1812 - See Maxillaria coccinea [Plum]L.O.Wms. 1954

~Ornithidium confertum Griseb. 1864 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~Ornithidium densum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1855 - See *Maxillaria densa Lindley 1835[1836]

~Ornithidium dichotomum Schltr. 1920 - See Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium divaricatum Barb. Rodr. 1882 - See Maxillaria cerifera Barb. Rodr. 1877

~Ornithidium dolichophyllum Schltr. 1921 - See Maxillaria bicallosa (Rchb.f.) Garay 1962

~Ornithidium fasciculatum (C.Schweinf.) M.A.Blanco 2008 - See Maxillaria semiscabra (Lindl.) P.Ortiz 1991

~Ornithidium flaccidum Kraenzl. 1928 - See Scaphyglottis graminifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. 1836

~Ornithidium flavoviridium (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr. 1881 - See Maxillaria notylioglossa Rchb. f. 1854

~Ornithidium fragrans Rolfe 1894 - See Maxillaria camaridii Rchb.f 1863

~*Ornithidium fulgens Rchb. f. 1866 - See Maxillaria fulgens (Rchb. f.) L.O. Williams 1941

~*Ornithidium gigantea Lindl. 1845 - See Maxillaria gigantea [Lindl.] Dodson 1993

~*Ornithidium huancabambae Kraenzl. 1916 - See Pityphyllum huancabambae ( Kraenzl. ) Whitten 2006

~Ornithidium imbricatum (Lindl.) Wall. ex Hook.f. 1890 - See Pholidota imbricata (Roxb.) Lindl. 1825

~Ornithidium inflexum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1864 - See Maxillaria inflexa (Lindl.) Griseb.1864

~*Ornithidium jamesonii Rchb.f. 1876 - See Maxillaria jamesonii (Rchb.f.) Garay & C.Schweinf. 1970

~Ornithidium loefgrenii Cogn. 1904 - See Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium mapiriense Kraenzl. 1928 - See Maxillaria mapiriensis (Kraenzl.) L.O.Williams 1942

~*Ornithidium miniatum Lindl. 1845 - See Maxillaria miniata (Lindl.) L.O. Williams 1941

~Ornithidium multicaule (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f. 1854 - See Maxillaria multicaulis (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium nanum Rolfe 1894 - See Maxillaria uncata Lindl. 1837

~*Ornithidium neglectum Schltr. 1923 - See Maxillaria neglecta (Schltr.) L.O.Williams 1942

~Ornithidium nicaraguense (Hamer & Garay) M.A. Blanco & I. Ojeda 2007 - See Maxillaria nicaraguensis (Hamer & Garay) J.T. Atwood 1987

~Ornithidium niveum Lindl. 1846 - See Maxillaria miniata (Lindl.) L.O. Williams 1941

~*Ornithidium nubigenum Rchb. f. 1863 - See Maxillaria nubigena (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium ochraceum Rchb.f. 1887 - See Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium ochroleucum (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Senghas 1993 - See Maxillaria splendens Poepp. & Endl. 1836

~Ornithidium paleatum Rchb.f. 1876 - See Maxillaria paleata (Rchb.f.) Ames & Correll 1943

~Ornithidium pallidiflavum Schltr. 1923 - See Maxillaria microphyton Schltr. 1910

~Ornithidium parviflorum (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f. 1854 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~Ornithidium parvulum Schltr. 1911 - See Maxillaria microphyton Schltr. 1910

~Ornithidium pendens (Pabst) Senghas 1993 - See Maxillaria pendens Pabst 1972

~Ornithidium pendulum (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. 1904 - See Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~*Ornithidium quitense Rchb.f. 1876 - See Maxillaria quitensis (Rchb.f.) C.Schweinf. 1970

~Ornithidium ramonense Schltr. 1923 - See Maxillaria flava Ames , F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf. 1934

~Ornithidium ruberrimum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1863 - See Maxillaria ruberrima (Lindl.) Garay 1967

~Ornithidium sanguinolentum Lindl. 1846 - See Maxillaria miniata (Lindl.) L.O. Williams 1941

~*Ornithidium semiscabrum Lindl. 1845 - See Maxillaria semiscabra (Lindl.) P.Ortiz 1991

~Ornithidium simulans Ames & C. Schweinf. 1930 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~*Ornithidium schlechterianum C.Schweinf. 1937 - See Maxillaria schlechteriana (C.Schweinf.) J.T.Atwood 1994

~*Ornithidium sophronitis Rchb. f. 1854 - See Maxillaria sophronitis [Rchb.f] Garay 1958

~Ornithidium squamata (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr. 1882 - See Maxillaria uncata Lindl. 1837

~*Ornithidium strumatum Endres & Rchb.f. 1874 - See !Sepalosaccus strumatus (Endres & Rchb.f.) Garay 1962

~Ornithidium tafallae (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. 1854 - See Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C.Schweinf. 1945

~Ornithidium tonsoniae (Soto Arenas) Senghas 2001 - See Maxillaria tonsoniae Soto Arenas 1992

~Ornithidium vestitum (Sw.) Rchb. f. 1863 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~Ornithidium virescens Schltr. 1924 - See Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay 1967

~*Ornithidium wercklei Schltr. 1923 - See Maxillaria wercklei (Schltr.) L.O. Williams 1940

~Ornithidium wrightii (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. 1937 - See Maxillaria paleata (Rchb.f.) Ames & Correll 1943

Ornithocephalus Hooker 1824 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillarieae SUBTRIBE Orinthocephalinae

This genus has about 30 to 50 epiphytic fan shaped species spread across the tropical Americas. Humid, shady, intermediate to warm conditions tied to tree fern or cork mounts and allowing the roots to dry between waterings will insure a happy plant. They have no psuedobulbs and the fleshy leaves are arranged in a basally rooting fan shape and has multiple, bracted infloresence that can arise more than once a year.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the columns similarity to a bird's head

Type Species = ! = Orinthocephalus gladiatus Hooker 1824

    ~Ornithocephalus apiculatus Lindl. 1840 - See Dipteranthus estradae Dodson 1977

    ~Ornithocephalus auricula Rchb. f. & Wullschl. 1863 - See Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

    ~Ornithocephalus avicula Rchb. f. & Wullschl. 1863 - See Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

  1. Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindley 1843

    Photo courtesy of Allen Black

    Closeup of flowers Photo courtesy of Weyman Bussey

    Part shadeWarm to Hot Winterand Spring

    Common Name The Two-Horned Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 3/16" [4mm]

    A miniature, epiphytic, fan shaped, monopodial species found in jungle forests at altitudes of sea level to 1100 meters from Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and on to Venezuela, it is a hot to warm growing plant with fan-shaped , equitant, rigid, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, leaves that are articulated to the imbricate basal, leaf sheaths from which it blooms in the winter and spring on an axillary, racemose, to 3 1/2" [6 to 9 cm] long, few to many flowered inflorescence that is equal or longer in length to the leaves and has broadly ovate or orbicular bracts and small flowers. This species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings.

    Synonyms Ornithocephalus brachyceras G.A.Romero & Carnevali 2000; Ornithocephalus diceras Schlechter 1922; Ornithocephalus lanuginosus Ames 1921; Ornithocephalus oberonia Rchb.f. 1869; Ornithocephalus stenoglottis Rchb.f. 1886; Ornithocephalus xiphochilus Schltr. 1907; Zygostates costaricensis Nash 1907

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 17: 87. Panama Schlechter 1922 as O diceras; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 70. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as O xiphochilus; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 153. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as O xiphochilus; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 262. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as O xiphochilus; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 6 1958; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 No 7 1960 photo; Venezuelan Orchids Vol 2 Dunsterville & Garay 1961; AOS Bulletin Vol 39 No 11 1970 photo; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 5 1970; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 1064 Dodson 1984; AOS Bulletin Vol 55 No 6 1986 drawing; Native Colombian Orchids Vol 3 COS 1991; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003; Orquideas de la Serrania del Baudo Misas Urreta 2006;

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    ~Ornithocephalus bonplandii Rchb.f. 1863 - See Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook. 1824

    ~Ornithocephalus brachyceras G.A.Romero & Carnevali 2000 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindley 1843

  2. Ornithocephalus brachystachys Schltr. 1925

  3. Ornithocephalus bryostachys Schltr.1921

    Full ShadeHot Summer

    ~Ornithocephalus chloroleucus Rchb.f. 1855 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus ciliatus Lindley 1840 - See Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

  4. Ornithocephalus cochleariformis C. Schweinf. 1937

    Photo courtesy of Mauro Rosim of Brazil

    Part sun Hot WinterSpring

    Common Name The Shell-Shaped Lip Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 1/4" [6mm]

    An epiphyte that occurs from Panama and Colombia at altitudes of 600 to 800 meters. This epiphytic species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings and has an erect, 4 1/2" [12 cm] long, racemose few to several flowered inflorescence occuring in the winter and spring.

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 27 No 6 1958; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 No 7 1960 photo; Orquideologia Vol. 23 No 1 2004 photo; Orquideas de la Serrania del Baudo Misas Urreta 2006;

    ~Ornithocephalus cruegeri Rchb.f. ex Griseb. 1864 - See Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

  5. Ornithocephalus cujetifolia Barb.Rodr. 1877

    to

    ~*Ornithocephalus dasyrhyzus Kraenzl. 1911 - See Zygostates dasyrhiza [Kraenzl.] Schltr. 1920

    ~Ornithocephalus diceras Schlechter 1922 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindley 1843

  6. Ornithocephalus dolabratus Rchb. f. 1877

    Side View of Flower

    Plant and Flower Photos by Milan Vágner

    Part sun Warm Winter and Summer

    Common Name The Axe-Shaped Lip Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 1/8" [3 mm]

    Found as a warm growing, miniature, twig epiphyte in seasonally dry forests with nocturnal fog at elevations of 400 to 1300 meters in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru with equitant, lanceolate, subfalcate, articulated to persistent sheaths, conduplicate, thick, subfleshy leaves that blooms in the winter and summer on an axillary, many flowered racemose inflorescence equalling the leaf length .

    Synonyms Ornithocephalus estradae Dodson 1980

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; AOS Bulletin Vol 29 No 7 1960 photo; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 193 Dodson 1980; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 194 Dodson 1980 as O estradae; Native Colombian Orchids Vol 3 COS 1991; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 540 Bennett & Christenson 1998; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003;

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    ~Ornithocephalus dusenianus Kraenzl. 1921 - See Zygostates pustulata (Kraenzl.) Schltr. 1926

    ~Ornithocephalus elphas Rchb.f. 1863 - See Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus escobarianus (Garay) Toscano & Dressler 2000 - See Sphyrastylis escobariana Garay 1967

    ~Ornithocephalus estradae Dodson 1980 - See Ornithocephalus dolabratus Rchb. f. 1877

    ~Ornithocephalus eublepharum Hance - See Ornithochilus fuscus Wall. ex Lindley 1833

    ~Ornithocephalus falcatus Focke 1848 - See Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook 1824

  7. !Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook. 1824

    SECTION Ornithocephalus

    Photo courtesy of Dale Borders

    Flowering plant en situ in Mexico Photo courtesy of Weyman Bussey

    Part shadeWarm to Hot Summerand Fall

    Common Name Sword-Shaped Lip Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 3/16" [5mm]

    Found from the Windwards, Trinidad & Tobago, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia as a miniature, fan shaped, hot to warm growing, twig epiphyte growing on old citrus and shrubs in montane rain forests at altitudes of 15 to 1800 meters and blooms in the summer and fall on an erect, axillary, to 3" [7.5 cm] long, racemose inflorescence with several flowers that is just longer than the leaves. This species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings.

    Synonyms Ornithocephalus bonplandii Rchb.f. 1863; Ornithocephalus falcatus Focke 1848; Ornithocephalus gladiatus var. peruvianus C. Schweinf. 1949; Ornithocephalus ibis Rchb. f. 1863; ; Ornithocephalus tripterus Schltr. 1918

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909; Native Orchids of Trinidad Schultes 1960; Venezuelan Orchids Vol 3 Dunsterville & Garay 1965; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959 as O bonplandi; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 5 1970 as O bonplandi; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 5 1970; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Series II plate 563 Dodson 1985 as O falcatus; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 1065 Dodson 1984; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Series II Orchids of Peru Plate 0149 Dodson & Bennett 1989; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 541 Bennett & Christenson 1998 O falcatus; Native Colombian Orchids Vol 3 COS 1991; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003 O falcatus; Lindleyana Vol 16 No 3 2001; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003

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    ~Ornithocephalus gladiatus var. peruvianus C. Schweinf. - See Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook 1824

    ~Ornithocephalus graciliscapus Cogn. 1906 publ. 1907 - See Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

  8. Ornithocephalus grex-anserinus Dressler & Mora-Ret 1997

    part Shade Hot Spring

    ~*Ornithocephalus grandiflorus Lindl. 1840 - See Dipteranthus grandiflorus (Lindl.) Pabst 1966

    ~Ornithocephalus ibis Rchb. f. 1863 - See Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook 1824

  9. Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840 Photo courtesy of Weyman Bussey

    Flower Closeup Photos by © Eric Hunt and His Orchid Website

    Part shadeHot to Warm Summer

    Common Name The Bent Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 3/16" [5 mm]

    Found in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica and Panama as a miniature, fan shaped, hot to warm growing, twig epiphyte growing on old citrus and shrubs in montane rain forests at altitudes of 15 to 1800 meters and blooms in the summer and fall on an erect, axillary, to 3" [7.5 cm] long, racemose inflorescence with several flowers that is just longer than the leaves. This species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings.

    SynonymsOrnithocephalus elephas Rchb. f. 1863; Ornithocephalus mexicanus A. Rich. & Galeotti 1845; Ornithocephalus pottsiae S. Watson 1887; Ornithocephalus salvinii Rchb.f. ex Hemsl. 1884; Ornithocephalus tonduzii Schltr. 1918

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni. Veg. Beih. 19: 153. Costa Rica Schlechter 1923 as O tonduzii; Flora Novo-Galaciana Vol 16 McVaugh 1985; AOS Bulletin Vol 67 No 2 1998 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 73 No 12 2004 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 74 No 3 2005 photo;

  10. Ornithocephalus iridifolius Rchb. f. 1863

    Photo courtesy of Nick Doe

    Part shadeHot to Warm Summer

    Common Name The Iris-Like Leaf Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size to almost 1/4" [5 mm]

    Found in Guatemala, Mexico and El Salvador in open oak forests, deciduous tropical forests or coffee plantations as a small, epiphytic, hot to warm growing species at altitudes up to 1200 meters with fan-shaped, linear-ensiform, fleshy, acute to acuminate leaves that blooms in the summer on an erect, slender, axillary, to 3" [4 to 8 cm] long, racemose, laxly many flowered inflorescence that has a zig-zag rachis and suborbicular-cordate, keeled on reverse,erose ciliate floral bracts and small, white flowers. This species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings.The photo is mismarked as Ornithophora which is a genus with psuedobulbs, but it is obviously Ornithocephalus.

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Flora Novo-Galaciana Vol 16 McVaugh 1985;

  11. Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb. f. 1863

    Flower Closeup

    Photos by Milan Vágner

    Part shadeCool to Hot Fall

    Common Name Krueger's Ornithocephalus [German Orchid Collector 1800's]

    Flower Size 1/8" [4mm]

    This very small, fan-shaped, twig epiphyte is from Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia growing on old citrus trees and shrubs in montane rain forests and can be found between the altitudes of 200 and 2200 meters with disitichous, arranged in a fan, oblong-lanceolate, conduplicate, compressed, acute leaves that are articulated into the conduplicate leaf-base that blooms on an erect, 1 1/4" [3 cm] long, axillary, racemose, several flowered inflorescence that is the length of the leaves or shorter occuring in the fall. This species is best mounted on cork, tree fern or wood, given hot to cool, shady, humid conditions with even, year round waterings.

    Synonyms Ornithocephalus auricula Rchb. f. & Wullschl. 1863; Ornithocephalus avicula Rchb. f. & Wullschl. 1863; Ornithocephalus ciliatus Lindley 1840; Ornithocephalus cruegeri Rchb.f. ex Griseb. 1864; Ornithocephalus graciliscapus Cogn. 1906 publ. 1907

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909 as O cruegeri; AOS Bulletin Vol 26 No 10 1957 photo as O crugeri; Native Orchids of Trinidad Schultes 1960 as O cruegeri; Venezuelan Orchids Vol 4 Dunsterville & Garay 1966; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 5 1970 as O ciliatus; Flora de Venezuela Foldats Volumen XV Part 5 1970; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 573 Dodson 1982; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum Series II Orchids of Peru Plate 0150 Dodson & Bennett 1989; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 539 Bennett & Christenson 1998 as O ciliatus; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003

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    ~Ornithocephalus lanuginosus Ames 1921 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindl. 1843

  12. Ornithocephalus manabina Dodson 1984

    SECTION Ornithocephalus

    Part shade Hot

    ~Ornithocephalus mexicanus A. Rich. & Galeotti 1845 - See Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840

    ~*Ornithocephalus microphyllus Barb.Rodr. 1877 - See Phymatidium microphyllum (Barb.Rodr.) Toscano 2001

  13. Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    SECTION Ornithocephalus

    Flower Closeup Photo courtesy of Dalton Holland Baptiste

    Part shadeWarm to Hot Summer

    Common Name The Myrtle-Loving Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 1/10" [2.5 mm]

    Found in Peru, Bolivia and Brazil as a miniature, hot to warm growing, fan-shaped, twig epiphyte in tropical wet forests at elevations of 670 meters with equitant, complanate, ancipitous, fleshy, variable in size and shape, some towards the base obliquely lanceolate-falciform and the central leaves lanceolate articulated to distichous, imbricating, persistent sheaths that give rise from the leaf axils a racemose, pubescent, several flowered racemose inflorescence that is shorter than the leaves occuring in the summer.

    Synonyms Ornithocephalus chloroleucus Rchb.f. 1855; Ornithocephalus myrtiphilus Schlechter ex Hoehne 1836; Ornithocephalus pygmaeum Reichb.f. & Warm. 1878; Ornithocephalus pygmaeus Rchb.f. & Warm. 1881; Ornithocephalus reitzii Pabst 1953; Ornithocephalus vosburghii Ruschi 1969

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 542 Bennett & Christenson 1998; Lindleyana Vol 16 No 3 2001; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003

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  14. Ornithocephalus montealegreae Pupulin 2002

    Full ShadeHot Warm Spring

  15. Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl. 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus myrtiphilus Schlechter ex Hoehne 1836 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus navicularis Barb. Rodr. 1877 - See Dipteranthus grandiflorus Lindley 1966

    ~Ornithocephalus oberonia Rchb.f. 1869 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindley 1843

    ~Ornithocephalus planifolius Rchb. f. 1859 - See Dipteranthus estradae Dodson 1977

  16. Ornithocephalus polyodon Rchb. f. 1876

    Inflorescence and Plant Photos courtesy of Danny Lentz, plant grown by Atlanta Botanical Garden

    Common Name or Meaning The Many-Toothed Ornithocephalus

    Flower Size 2/5" [1 cm]

    Found in Ecuador, Peru and Northern Brazil at elevations of 130 to 1000 meters as a miniature sized, hot to warm growing epiphyte with fan-shaped growths wiuth, equitant, bilaterally compressed, linear-lanceolate, acuminate leaves that blooms in the wwinter and spring on an axillary, 3" [7.5 cm] long, racemose, several to many flowered inflorescence.

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Icones Planetarum Tropicarum plate 195 Dodson 1980; Icones Orchidacearum Peruviarum Plate 543 Bennett & Christenson 1998; Native Ecuadorian Orchids Vol 4 Dodson 2003

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    ~Ornithocephalus pottsiae S. Watson 1887 - See Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus pseudobulbiferus Barb.Rodr. 1877 - See Zygostates pellucida Rchb.f. 1863

    ~*Ornithocephalus pustulatus Kraenzl. 1911 - See Zygostates pustulata (Kraenzl.) Schltr. 1926

    ~Ornithocephalus pygmaeum Reichb.f. & Warm. 1878 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus pygmaeus Rchb.f. & Warm. 1881 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    Ornithocephalus reitzii Pabst 1953 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840 Photo courtesy of Dale and Deni Borders

    Common Name Reitz's Ornithocephalus [Brazilian Orchid Collector]

    ~Ornithocephalus salvinii Rchb.f. ex Hemsl. 1884 - See Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus stenoglottis Rchb.f. 1886 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindley 1843

  17. Ornithocephalus suarezii Dodson 1989

    Part shade WarmCoolFall

    ~Ornithocephalus tonduzii Schltr. 1918 - See Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindl. 1840

    ~*Ornithocephalus tripollinicus Barb.Rodr. 1877 - See Centroglossa tripollinica (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr. 1881

    ~Ornithocephalus tripterus Schltr. 1918 - See Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook 1824

    ~Ornithocephalus tsubotae ( P.Ortiz ) Toscano & Dressler . 2000 - See Sphyrastylis tsubotae P.Ortiz 1996

    ~Ornithocephalus urceilabris (P.Ortiz & R.Escobar) Toscano & Dressler 2000 - See Sphyrastylis urceilabris P. Ortiz & R. Escobar 1991

    ~Ornithocephalus vosburghii Ruschi 1969 - See Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl 1840

    ~Ornithocephalus xiphochilus Schltr. 1906 - See Ornithocephalus bicornis Lindl. 1843

Ornithochilus [Lindley]Benth. 1883 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Aeridinae.

There are only 2 species in this small genus segregated from Aerides but plants are vegetatively similar to Phalaenopsis but florally have a branched, many flowered inflorescnece with many, small, wide open, sepals that are larger than petals, a fixed lip, that is trilobed and has a terete spur, a short and wide column with an indistinct foot and 4 pollina.. One is quite rare and then there is O. fuscus.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the lip that is bent upwards and looks like a brd wing

Type Species = ! = Ornithochilus fuscus Lindley 1833

    Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr. 1919 - See Ornithochilus fuscus Wallis ex Lindl. 1833 Photo courtesy of Eric Hunt, plant grown by White Oak Orchids.

    Common Name The Different Ornithochilus

    Synonym of O. fuscus

    ~Ornithochilus delavayi Finet 1896 - See Ornithochilus fuscus Wallis ex Lindl. 1833

    ~Ornithochilus eublepharon Hance 1884 - See Ornithochilus fuscus Wallis ex Lindl. 1833

  1. !Ornithochilus fuscus Wallis ex Lindl. 1833

    Photo courtesy of Beau Tun.

    Flower Closeup

    Plant and Inflorescence Photo courtesy of Dale and Deni Borders.

    Flower and plant ensitu Thailand Photo courtesy of David Kuehn.

    Part shadeCool to Warm Springand EARLY Summer

    Common Name Dark Brown Ornithochilus

    Flower Size 1/4" [8 mm]

    Found in the Assam India, eastern Himalayas, Nepal, western Himalayas, Myanamar, Thailand, Malayasia, Laos, central and southern China, Vietnam, Borneo and Sumatra in montane forests and humid, mossy, mixed and coniferous forests on mossy branches of old gnarled trees from 300 to 1600 meters in elevation as a small sized, warm to cool growing epiphytic monopodial orchid with a short stem carrying 5, obliquely lanceolate to oblong, acuminate, fleshy leaves that blooms in the spring and early summer and again in the winter on an axillary, terete, arching, branching, to 1 1/2' [to 45 cm] long, many flowered inflorescence that is as long or longer than the leaves.

    Synonyms Aerides difforme Lindley 1833; Aerides hystrix Lindley 1833; Ornithochilus delavayi Finet 1896; Ornithochilus difformis [Wall ex Lindley]Schlechter 1919; Ornithochilus eublepharum Hanc 1884; Sarcochilus difformis [Lindley] Tang & Wang 1951; Trichoglottis diformis [Lindley] Ban & Huyen 1984; Vanda doritoides Guillaumin 1930

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Orchids of Burma Grant 1895/95; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing, photo fide; AOS Bulletin Vol 47 No 6 1978 photo; AOS Bulletin Vol 56 No 6 1987 photo as O difformis; Orchids of Borneo Chan, Shim, Lamb & Wood 1994 as O difformis; A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo Wood & Cribb 1994; The Wild Orchids of China Tsi, Chen & Mori 1997; Lindleyana Vol 15 No 4 2000 as O difformis; Orchids of Sumatra Comber 2002; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002

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    ~Ornithochilus hillii Bth. 1881 - See Peristeranthus hillii [FvM]T.E.Hunt 1954

    ~*Ornithochilus simondianus Gagnep. 1951 - See Pteroceras simondianum (Gagnep.) Aver. 1988

`Ornithophora Barb. Rodr. 1882 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillareae SUBTRIBE Oncidiinae.

This is a monotypic genus from Brazil. The name means "Bird Bearing" and a look at the flower will tell you why.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the side view of the column appears to be bird-like

Type Species = ! = Ornithophora quadricolor Barb. Rodr. 1881

    ~Ornithophora quadricolor Barb. Rodr. 1881 - See Ornithophora radicans (Rchb. f.) Garay & Pabst 1951

  1. Ornithophora radicans (Rchb. f.) Garay & Pabst 1951

    Fragrance Part shadeHot to Warm Summerand Fall

~`Orsidice Rchb.f. 1854 - See Thrixspermum Lour. 1790 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Aeridinae.

~Orsidice amplexicaulis Rchb. f. 1854 - See Thrixspermum amplexicaule (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. 1868

~Orsidice lilacina (Griff.) Rchb. f. 1854 - See Thrixspermum amplexicaule (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. 1868

Orthoceras R. Br. 1810 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Diurideae SUBTRIBE Diuridinae.

There are 5 species in this terrestrial genus occuring in New Zealand and Australia.

Common Name or Meaning Straight Horn - refers to the 2 pointed staminodes

Type Species = ! = Orthoceras strictum R.Br. 1810

  1. !Orthoceras strictum R.Br. 1810

    Part sun Cold Cool Summer

~Orthochilus Hochst. 1850 - See Eulophia R. Brown & Lindley 1823 and Ornithochilus [Lindley]Benth. 1883 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Cymbidieae, SUBTRIBE Cyrtopodinae.

~Orthochilus difformis [Wall ex Lindley]Schlechter ? - See Ornithochilus fuscus Wallis ex Lindl. 1833

~Orthochilus mechowii Rchb.f. 1882 - See Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz 1894

~Orthochilus renschianus Rchb.f. 1882 - See Eulophia mechowii (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz 1894

~*Orthochilus welwitschii Rchb.f. 1865 - See Eulophia welwitschii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1889

~Orthopenthea Rolfe 1912 - See Disa Berg. 1767 SUBFAMILY Orchidoideae, TRIBE Diseae SUBTRIBE Disinae

~Orthopenthea atricapilla (Harv. ex Lindl.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa atricapilla (Harv. ex Lindl.) Bolus 1882

~Orthopenthea bivalvata (L. f.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa bivalvata (L. f.) T. Durand & Schinz 1912

~Orthopenthea bodkinii (Bolus) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa bodkinii Bolus 1885

~Orthopenthea elegans (Sond. ex Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa elegans Sond. ex Rchb.f. 1865

~Orthopenthea fasciata (Lindl.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa fasciata Lindl. 1838

~Orthopenthea obtusa (Lindl.) Schelpe 1966 - See Disa richardiana Lem. ex Bolus 1884

~Orthopenthea richardiana (Lem. ex Bolus) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa richardiana Lem. ex Bolus 1884

~Orthopenthea rosea (Lindl.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa rosea Lindl. 1838

~Orthopenthea schizodioides (Sond.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa schizodioides Sond. 1846

~Orthopenthea telipogonis (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1912 - See Disa telipogonis Rchb.f. 1847

~`Ortmannia Opiz 1834 - See Geodorum G. Jacks 1811 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Cymbidieae, SUBTRIBE Eulophiinae

~Ortmannia cernua (Willd.) Opiz 1834 - See Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. 1919

~`Orxera Raf. 1838 - See Aerides Lour. 1790 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Aeridinae.

~Orxera cornuta Raf. 1836 - See Aerides odoratum [Poir.] Lour. 1790

Osmoglossum Schlechter 1922 - See also Odontoglossum HBK 1816 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillareae SUBTRIBE Oncidiinae.

This is a cool to warm growing epiphytic genus with 7 species spread from Mexico to Panama and then Ecuador [?] where they occur in seasonally dry forests at elevations of 500 to 2000 meters and are characterized by having, 1 to 2 leaves on a pseudobulb with a single internode and subtended by several, distichous, leaf-like sheaths and blooms on an erect, axillary, racemose inflorescence with white, spurless flowers with the lateral sepals concave and united basally and the basal portion of the lip parallel to and adnate to the footless column to it's apex and having a clinandrium and short wings at the apex and 2 hard pollina attached by a stipe to a viscidium.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the strong fragrance of the lip of the flower

Type Species = ! = ?

    ~Osmoglossum acuminatum Schltr. 1922 - See Osmoglossum egertonii (Lindl.) Schltr. 1916

    ~Osmoglossum anceps Schltr. - See Osmoglossum egertonii (Lindl.) Schltr. 1916

  1. Osmoglossum convallarioides Schltr. 1923

    FragrancePart sun Cool to Warm WinterSpring

    ~Osmoglossum dubium Rosillo 1983 - See Osmoglossum egertonii (Lindl.) Schltr. 1916

  2. Osmoglossum egertonii (Lindl.) Schltr. 1916

    Fragrance Full shade Cold to Warm Fall THROUGH EARLY Winter

  3. Osmoglossum pulchellum (Bateman ex Lindl.) Schltr. 1916

    Fragrance Part shade Cold to Warm Falland Winter

`Ossiculum P.J.Cribb & Laan 1986SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Vandeae, SUBTRIBE Angraecinae

A rare monotypic and quite odd genus for Africa as the flower is orange with yellow, neither color is well represented in African Orchids.

Common Name or Meaning The Small Bone Orchid [an aliteration to the Dutch name of the discoverer whose name in Dutch "Beentje" means small bone]

Type Species = ! = Ossiculum aurantiacum P.J.Cribb & Laan 1986

  1. Ossiculum aurantiacum P.J.Cribb & Laan 1986

    Part shadewarmCool

~Osyricera Bl. 1825 - See Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Dendrobieae, SUBTRIBE Bulbophyllinae.

~Osyricera purpurascens (F.M. Bailey) Fitzg. 1895 - See Bulbophyllum macphersonii Rupp 1934

~Osyricera spadiciflora (Tixier) Garay 1994 - See Bulbophyllum spadiciflorum Tixier 1966

~`Otandra Salisb. 1812 - See Geodorum G. Jacks 1811

SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Cymbidieae, SUBTRIBE Eulophiinae

~Otandra cernua (Willd.) Salisb. 1812 - See Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. 1919

Otochilus Lindl. 1830 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Coelogyneae SUBTRIBE Coelogyninae.

There are 4 species in the Himalayas, China, Burma and Thailand. Similar to Coelogyne but differs in the column without a margin, other structural column differences and in the subterminal dehiscent anther.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the ear-like side lobes of the lip

Synonyms Broughtonia Lindley non R. Br.; Tetrapeltis Wall. ex Lindl. 1832

Type Species = ! = Otochilus albus Lindl. 1828; Otochilus fuscus Lindley 1828; Otochilus porrecta Lindley 1828

  1. !Otochilus albus Lindl. 1828

    Photo courtesy of David Kuehn.

    Part ShadeWarmCool Spring

    Common Name The White Otochilus

    Flower Size .4 to .6" [1 to 1.8 cm]

    Otochilus alba is usually an epiphyte found from the eastern Himalayas, Assam, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanamar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and southern China in primary highland cloud forests at elevations of 600 to 2400 meters as a small sized, warm to cool growing epiphyte with subcylindrical, grooved pseudobulbs enveloped basally by tubular sheaths in youth and carrying oblong-elliptic, acumninate petiolate base leaves that blooms in the spring on a slender, slightly fractiflex, 4.8 to 8" [12 to 20 cm] long, laxly 12 to 16 flowered, racemose inflorescence that is envelopd by imbricate sheaths and has caducous, ovate-lanceolate, floral bracts. My photo is of a rather unhealthy one that had fallen from its branch. The healthy plants were unreachable. Its blooming period was just ending in late April.

    Synonyms Broughtonia pendula Wall. ex Lindl. 1830; Broughtonia pendula Wall. ex Hook.f. 1890; Coelogyne alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1862

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; The Orchids of Thailand Seidenfaden & Smitinand 1959 drawing; Beautiful Orchids of Nepal Rajbhandari & Bhattarai 2001; Orchids of Bhutan Pearce & Cribb 2002

  2. Otochilus fuscus Lindl.1830

    to to

Otoglossum [Schlechter]Garay & Dunsterville 1976 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillareae SUBTRIBE Oncidiinae.

A genus of seven epiphytic and occaisional scrambling terrestrial species in Central and South America from Costa Rica to Peru that occur in higher very wet montane forests on trees and stepp embankments at elevations of 800 to 3000 meters. They are as a whole cold growing epiphytes and are treated culturally like Odontoglossum. This genus is characterized by the ovoid pseudobulbs, spread on a climbing rhizome giving rise to thick leaves, an erect, racemose inflorescence, large undulate flowers with similar sized petals and sepals, a three-lobed lip that is basally revolute.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the ear-like wings at the lip base

Type Species = ! = Odontoglossum hoppii Schlechter 1924 = Otoglossum hoppii [Schlechter]Garay & Dunsterville 1976

  1. Otoglossum arminii (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    Part shade Cool Cold Winter

  2. Otoglossum axinopterum (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    ~Otoglossum brachypterum (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst.1976 - See Otoglossum chiriquense (Veitch) Garay & Dunst. 1976

  3. Otoglossum brevifolium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    Part shadeCool to Warm LATE Winter through EARLY Spring

    ~Otoglossum brevifolium var. dayanum (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst. 1976 - See Otoglossum brevifolium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst. 1976

  4. Otoglossum chiriquense (Veitch) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    Part shadeCold to Warm Spring through Fall

    ~Otoglossum coronarium (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst. 1976 - See Otoglossum chiriquense (Veitch) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    ~Otoglossum coronarium var. flavum (Rolfe) Garay & Dunst. 1976 - See Otoglossum chiriquense (Veitch) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    ~Otoglossum globuliferum ( Kunth ) N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase 2001 - See Oncidium globuliferum Kunth 1816

    ~Otoglossum harlingii ( Stacy ) N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase. 2001 - See Oncidium harlingii Stacy 1978

    ~Otoglossum luerorum (Dodson) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams 2001 - See Oncidium globuliferum Kunth 1816

    ~Otoglossum scansor (Rchb.f.) Carnevali & I.Ramírez 2003 - See Oncidium scansor Rchb. f. 1849-50

    ~Otoglossum serpens ( Lindl. ) N.H.Williams & M.W.Chase 2001 - See Oncidium serpens Lindl. 1833

  5. Otoglossum weberbauerianum (Kraenzl.) Garay & Dunst. 1976

    Full shadeCoolColdWinter

~`Otopetalum Lehm. & Krzl. 1856 - See Pleurothallis R. Brown 1813 SUBFAMILY Epidendrodeae, TRIBE Epidendreae, SUBTRIBE Pleurothallidinae.

~*Otopetalum tunguraguae F.Lehm. & Kraenzl. 1899 - See Pleurothallis otopetalum Schltr.1912

Otostylis Schltr. 1918 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Maxillareae SUBTRIBE Oncidiinae.

Common Name or Meaning refers top the ear-like side lobes to the colum

Type Species = ! =

  1. Otostylis brachystalix (Rchb.f.) Schltr.1918

    Part shadehot Spring

    Common Name or Meaning The Short Column Otostylis - in Trinidad - Aripo orchid

    Flower Size 1" [2.5 cm]

    Found in Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Brazil in swampy peaty soil in faily tall montane forests at elevations of 50 to 300 meters as a medium to large sized, hot growing terrestrial with ovoid-pyriform pseduobulbs enveloped completetly by distichous sheaths and the bases of the plicate, strongly nerved, linear, acute, narrowing into the conduplicate base leaves that blooms in the spring on an erect, to 28" [to 70 cm] long, terete, light green, glabrous, to 20 flowered inflorescence that can occasionally branch basally to form another vertical inflorescence

    Synonyms Aganisia brachystalix (Rchb.f.) Rolfe 1914; Koellensteinia brachystalix Schltr. 1915; *Zygopetalum brachystalix Rchb.f. 1863

    References W3 Tropicos, Kew Monocot list , IPNI ; Symbolae Antillanae Vol VI Orchidaceae Urban 1909 as Zygopetalum brachystalix; Flora Brasilica Vol XII VII 115-147 Hoehne 1953; Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated Vol 1 Dunsterville & Garay 1959; Native Orchids of Trinidad Schultes 1960; 1st Supplelment to the Orchids of Peru Schweinfurth 1970

  2. Otostylis lepida (Linden & Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1918

    to

~Oxyanthera Brongn. 1834 - See Thelasis Bl. 1825SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Podochileae, SUBTRIBE Thelasiinae.

~Oxyanthera carinata (Blume) Schltr. 1900 - See Thelasis carinata Blume 1825

~Oxyanthera decurva (Hook.f.) Hook.f. 1892 - See Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) J.J.Sm. 1905

~Oxyanthera elata (Hook.f.) Hook.f. 1892 - See Thelasis carinata Blume 1825

~*Oxyanthera micrantha Brongn. 1834 - See Thelasis micrantha (Brongn.) J.J.Sm. 1905

~Oxyanthera papuana Schltr. 1905 - See Thelasis carinata Blume 1825

~`Oxyglossellum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002 - See Dendrobium Sw. 1799 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Dendrobieae, SUBTRIBE Dendrobiinae.

~Oxyglossellum cyanocentrum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002 - See

~Oxyglossellum theionanthum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002 - See Dendrobium masarangense Schltr. 1911

~Oxysepala Wight 1851 - See Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Dendrobieae, SUBTRIBE Bulbophyllinae.

~Oxysepala gadgarrensis (Rupp) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002 - See Bulbophyllum gadgarrense Rupp 1950

~Oxysepala lamingtonensis (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002 - See Bulbophyllum lamingtonense D.L.Jones 1993

~Oxysepala lewisensis (B.Gray & D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002 - See Bulbophyllum lewisense B. Gray & D.L. Jones 1989

~Oxysepala ovalifolia Wight 1852 - See Bulbophyllum sessile [Koen.]J.J.Sm. 1905

~Oxysepala schilleriana (Rchb.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002 - See Bulbophyllum schillerianum Rchb. f.1860

~Oxysepala schilleriana subsp. maritima D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2006 - See Bulbophyllum schillerianum Rchb. f.1860

~Oxysepala shepherdii (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002 - See Bulbophyllum shepherdi [F. Muell.] Rchb.f 1871

~Oxystophyllum Bl. 1825 - See Dendrobium Sw. 1799 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE Dendrobieae, SUBTRIBE Dendrobiinae.

~Oxystophyllum atrorubens (Ridl.) M.A.Clem. 2003 - See Dendrobium atrorubens Ridl. 1896

~Oxystophyllum carnosum Blume 1825 - See Dendrobium concinnum Miq. 1859

~*Oxystophyllum excavatum Blume 1825 - See Dendrobium excavatum (Blume) Miq. 1859

~Oxystophyllum macrostoma Hassk. 1843 - See Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Rchb.f. 1861

~Oxystophyllum rigidum Blume 1825 - See Dendrobium concinnum Miq. 1859

~Oxystophyllum torricellianum (Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. 2003 - See Dendrobium torricellianum Kraenzl. 1910

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The Stanhopea Page A list of all the Stanhopea species and photos of many of the species.

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Neptune Designs is celebrating it's 20th year here in tropical Key West making quality jewelry with nature in mind. We specialize in 14 karat orchid flower and coin jewelry but manufacture all kinds of 14 Karat gold and gemstone jewelry.

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