~Bulbophyllaria Rchb.f 1852 - See Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE ?, SUBTRIBE Dendrobinae.

~Bulbophyllopsis Rchb.f 1852 - See Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE ?, SUBTRIBE Dendrobinae.

Bulbophyllum Thouars 1822 SUBFAMILY Epidendroideae, TRIBE ?, SUBTRIBE Dendrobinae.

The largest genus of orchids with over 1500 species is also the most geographically diverse. It is found in all tropical areas on earth and is quite diverse in its flower morphology as well. The flowers have the foot of the column which is hinged, attached to the labellum so the flower has a moving part which bobs, weaves, jiggles or jumps in the slightest breeze. The petals have various shapes and sizes but are always much smaller than the dorsal sepal. The column is short, often with 2 erect horns, winged or not, base produced to a long curved foot and 4 collateral, naked pollina. They have sympodial pseudobulbs with one to two leaves, closely or far spaced on the rhizome. Most bulbos like wooden slat baskets with some treefern and sphagnum as potting media.

Common Name or Meaning refers to the leaf shape being bulby

Synonyms Adelopetalum Fitzg. 1891; Anisopetalum Hkr. 1825; Blepharochilum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002; Bolbophyllaria Rchb.f 1852; Bulbophyllopsis Rchb.f 1852; Bolbophyllum Spreng. 1826; Carparomorchis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002 ; Cirrhopetalum Lindley 1830; Cochlia Bl. 1825; Codonosiphon Schltr.1913; Dactylorhynchus Schlechter 1913; Didactyle Lindley 1852; Diphyes Bl. 1825; Drymoda Lindl. 1838; Ephippium Blume 1825; Epicrianthes Bl. 1825; `Epicranthes Bl. 1828; Ferruminaria Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994; Fruticicola (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002; Hamularia Aver. & Averyanova 2006; Hapalochilus Garay & W. Kittr. 1978; Henosis Hkr.f 1890; Hippoglossum Breda 1829; Hordeanthos Szlachetko 2007; Hyalosema [Schlechter] Rolfe 1919; Ichthyostomum D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy 2002; Ione Lindley 1853; Kaurorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2002; Leminscoa J D Hkr. 1872; Lepanthanthe (Schltr.) Szlach. 2007; Lyraea Lindl. 1830; `Macrolepis A. Rich. 1834; Malachadenia Lindley 1839; Mastigion Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994; Megaclinium Lindley 1826; Monosepalum Schltr. 1912; Odontostyles Breda 1827; Oncophyllum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2001; Osyricera Bl. 1825; `Oxysepala Wight 1851; Papulipetalum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002; Pedilochilus Schltr.1905; Pelma Finet 1909; Peltopus (Schltr.) Szlach. & Marg. 2002; Phyllorchis Thou. 1822; Phyllorkis Thou. 1822; Rhytionanthos Garay, Hamer, & Siegrist 1994; Saccoglossum Schlechter 1914; Sarcobodium Beer 1854; Sarcopodium Lindley & Paxton 1850; Serpenticaulis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones 2002; Sestochilos Van Breda 1828 [1827]; Sestochilos Breda 1828; Spilorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. 2005; Sunipia Lindley 1826; Synarmosepalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994; Tapeinoglossum Schlechter 1914; Taurostalix Rchb.f. 1852; Trachyrhachis (Schltr.) Szlach.2007; Trias Lindley 1830; Tribrachia Lindley 1824; Tripudianthes (Seidenf.) Szlach. & Kras 2007; Vesicisepalum (J.J.Sm.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994; Xiphizusa Rchb.f 1852; Zygoglossum Reinw. 1826 [1828]

Type species = ! = Bulbophyllum nutans (Thouars) Thouars 1822

THE SECTIONS OF Bulbophyllum - This is a very provisional division and needs to be refined, please be patient as it is very involved. This is all the sections and then some. To date I have not been able to combine all the old sections to the present count so there are a few that are not considered valid at this time. If the section has a * in front then it is a currently accepted section. Most of the descriptions of the sections are taken from either Schlechter 1912, J J Vermuellen & G A Fischer 2014 or Vermuellen, Lamb & O'Byrne 2015. The * symbol within the sectional pages indicate that Vermeullen, Fischer or Smidt verified that the species is within the section. If there is no * then the species is not newly verified within the section so please use with caution! If a sectional name has a "`" in front then it is a complete section with all the known species represented.

*`SECTION Acrochaene ( Lindl. ) J.J.Verm. , Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

Epiphyte with a creeping rhizome giving rise to longitudinally wrinkling with age pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on a subumbellate to an elongate racemose inflorescence carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers that have the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, more or less equal and have glabrous to ciliate to fimbriate margins and are 7 veined. The 3 veined petals are ciliate to fimbriate and the surface is glabrous. The lip is mobile on a thin ligament and is auriculate. The stigma is not proximally protruding on the column and the stelida are shorter than 1/2 the length of the column. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is somewhat drawn out or not. There are 4 pollina with bifid stipes.

There are 3 species in this section occuring in semi-deciduous forests at elevations up to 1300 meters from India to Vietnam and south to Thailand.

*SECTION Adelopetalum [Fitz] J.J. Verm. 1993

Characterized by having a creeping rhizome, an inflorescence with 2 or more flowers [other than B lillianae and B lingulatum which have only one], the basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bract, stelida are present, a stigma that does not protrude from the face of the column and 2 or 4 pollina without a stipe

There are 8 species in this section confined to Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia occuring in lower montane forests at elevations up to 1800 meters.

*SECTION Aeschynanthoides Carr 1930

The basal node of the pedicel is more than 1 time the diameter above the attachment of the floral bract. The flowers are marked with purple separating them from section Stachysanthes which have the basal node of the pedicel level with the attachment of the floral bract and rarely have flowers marked with purple. This section also has small pseudobulbs with the rhizome being thicker than the pseudobulbs separating them from plants within the section Minutissima which have small pseudobulbs but they are thicker than the rhizomes.

There are most likely 4 species in this section found from Japan to Borneo occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 1600 meters.

*SECTION Alcistachys Schlechter 1924

Characterized by robust plants with 2 leaves, and often depressed pseudobulbs that are yellow to bright red. The peduncle is robust with large bracts and carrying large flowers that are bigger than .6" [1.5 cm] and have free sepals, a glabrous, pubescent or ciliate lip and has elongate stellida.

There are 6 species within Madagascar, the Mascarenes and the Comoros occuring in lowland to high elevations moist forests.

The flowers smell of rotting meat, feces or decaying fish.

*`SECTION Altisceptrum J.J.Sm. 1914

Characterized by a many flowered, elongate inflorescence, the shape and size of the petals which are 2/3's the size of the median sepal or longer and widest close to the base, either gradually narrowing towards the tip, or somewhat constricted halfway and with a thickened apex. The pseudobulbs are almost always marked with purple and carry a single persistent leaf.

There are 9 species currently in this section that are confined to India, Bhutan, China, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, The Philippines and Papua New Guinea occuring in keranga, limestone and montane forests at elevations up to 3000 meters.

~SECTION Anisopetalum [Hkr.] Lindl. 1846 - See SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr.f 1883

`SECTION Antennata Pfitz 1888

An epiphyte with a creeping rhizome giving rise to a pseudobulb carrying a single persistent leaf that blooms on an elongate, racemose, spirally arranged inflorescence. The pedicel has a basal node that is level with the attachment of the floral bract. The resupinate flowers have free sepals that are 5 veined, the lateral sepals are 1 and 1/2 times as long as the dorsal sepal. The petals have a single vein and the mobile lip is on a thin ligament and is distinctly auriculate. The column has the stigma proximally not protruding and the stelida are shorter than the length of the column. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There is a single species currently in this section that is confined to India occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 2260 meters.

~SECTION Aphanobulbon Schltr.1912 - See SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

*`SECTION Balaenoidea Pfitz 1889

Epiphyte with a creeping rhizome giving rise to a pseudobulb carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on an inflorescence carrying 1 to 2, resupinate flowers that have the pedicel with the basal node above the attachment of the floral bract. The dorsal sepal is free with 9 veins and the lateral sepals are adherent along the lower margin and are 2 times as long as the dorsal sepal. The 3 veined petals are entire to erose, the lip is mobile on a thin ligament and is trilobed. The stigma is not proximally protruding on the column and the stelida are shorter than 1/2 the length of the column and are denticulate along the upper margin or not. The anterior surface of the anther is concave and the anterior margin is drawn out like a beak. There are 4 pollina.

There is a single poorly known species from India and Sri Lanka

*SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes with shoots not fused to the small to distinct, compared to the size of the plant, pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on a, 2 to many flowered, subumbellate, congested or elongate racemose or single flowered with an abortive second flower present inflorescence with the basal node of the pedicel level with the attachment of the floral bract. There are 3 to 10 bracts on the peduncle and the rachis, if present, is not to hardly thickened. The floral bracts are amplexicaul or not. The flowers are resupinate to non-resupinate and have a free dorsal sepal with 3 to 19 veins, the laterals are the same but 1 to 1.4 times longer and are usually free. The petals have 1 to 9 veins. The mobile lip has a thin ligament and is usually undivided. The column has a stigma that proximally is not protruding and there are usually not lateral lobes near the apex. The stelida are more or less 1/2 the length of the column or shorter and they are entire to erose along the upper margin with a tooth or a wing along the lower margin. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin can be drawn out or not. There are 4 pollina with or without a single stipe.

There are about 65 species in peat swamp forests at elevations up to 800 meters in Bhutan, Borneo, Sulawesi and Papua New Guinea.

*`SECTION Bifalcula Schlechter 1925

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to clustered to distant, not laterally flattened, 2 leaved pseudobulbs blooming on a heteranthous, elongate, racemose, many flowered inflorescence carrying distichously arranged resupinate flowers arising on a not thickened, round in section rhachis. The sepals are free, glabrous adaxially and the petals are entire and glabrous. The lip is mobile and has aciculate auricles near the base. The column has triangular, acute stelida, without a tooth along the lower margin. The anther has a rounded protrusion that is slightly taller than than the anterior margin.

There are 4 species currently accepted within this section occuring in dwarf forests along the humid coast of northwesterrn and eastern Madagascar.

*SECTION Bifarium G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep.

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to 2 leaved pseudobulbs blooming on 6 to 30 flowered, elongate, racemose inflorescence with distichous flowers, rachis hardly thickened, sharply 4 edged, with 2 concave sides from which the flowers arise. The floral bracts are as or longer than the flowers which are non resupinate and have free sepals that are glabrous abaxially, the laterals are reflexed at the base and adpressed against the rachis. The lip is mobile, undivided, with glabrous margins that are thick and solid, the anther abaxially has a conical protrusion higher than the anterior margin and carries 4 pollina.

At present there are 3 species in this section from Africa within Cameroon, Guinea, Kenya and Liberia occuring in montane forests up to 2050 meters in elevation

*SECTION Biflorae Garay, Hamer, & Siegrist 1994

Uniquely distinguished within the genus by the 2 flowered inflorescence which have the portions of the rachis between the floral bract attachment and the pedicel node fused

5 species make up this section in montane forests at elevations up to 1200 meters within Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo and the Philippines.

*SECTION Biseta J.J.Verm. ex N.Pearce , P.J.Cribb & Renz 2001

Epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on a 2 to many flowered, contracted or elongate, racemose inflorescence with the rachis distinctly thickened or not and carrying resupinate or not flowers with the pedicel arising from the basal node slightly above the attachment of the floral bract. The ridges of the ovary usually extend between the sepals as teeth. The free dorsal sepal has 3 veins and the laterals are the same but are 1 to 1.6 times as long and are adherent along the lower margin and have 5 veins with the midvein adaxially keeled. The petals normally have a single vein, and the mobile lip has an unhinged thin ligament and is undivided. The column has the stigma proximally usually protruding and/or with a tooth. The column foot often has lateral wings near the apex. The stelida are almost 1/2 the length of the column and the upper margin is with or without a tooth while the lower margin has a tooth. The anterior surface of the anther is concave and the anterior margin is drawn out into a beak, There are 4 pollina.

There are about 4 species in montane forests up to 1900 meters within India, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo

*`Bulbophyllum sect. Blepharistes J.J.Verm. , Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

An epiphyte with a creeping to straggling rhizome giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying 2 persistent leaves that blooms on a many flowered subumbellate, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers that has the basal node of the pedicel slightly above the attachment of the floral bract. The dorsal sepal is free and is 7 to 9 veined, the laterals are the same but 1.2 to 1.2 times as long and connate along the lower margins. The petals are 5 veined with the distal margin fimbriate. The lip is mobile on a thin ligament and is undivided. The column has the stigma proximally not protruding, The stelida are shorter than 1/2 the length of the column and the lower margin has an inconspicuous wing. The anterior surface of the anther is hardly concave and the anterior margin is not drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There is a single species within this section confined to India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, penninsular Malaysia and Vietnam in temperate forests at elevations up to 800 meters

*`SECTION Brachyantha Rchb.f 1861

Characterized by the epiphytic nature with creeping rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs with a single persistent leaf that blooms on a usually 2 to many flowered, subumbellate, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel's basal node above the floral bract attachment. The dorsal sepal is free and it is usually 3 to 5 veined, the laterals are similar but they are usually 2 to 6 times as long and are usually twisted near the base so the upper margins turn inward and are free or adherent along their upper margins. The petals are 3 to 5 veined. The mobile, undivided lip is on a thin ligament and the column has the stigma proximally not protruding and the column foot is with or without lateral lobes near the apex. The stelida are approximately 1/2 the length of the column or shorter with or without a tooth along the upper and or lower margin. The anterior suface of the anther is concave and the anterior margin is drawn out into a rounded beak or not. There are 4 pollina.

There are more or less 26 species in this section occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 2200 meters from India to Japan, the Philippines and 1 species in New Guinea.

*SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913

Characterized by medium sized flowers on single flowered inflorescence that seldom exceed the pseudobulbs in height. The single, persistent leafed pseudobulbs can be well developed or not. The resupinate flowers have the pedicel with the basal node above the attachment of the tubular floral bract and can have single veined petals, small, undivided and short haired and are small in comparison to the free, 3 to 9 veined sepals which can be equal. The mobile, undivided lip is small, thick and fleshy to glabrous and often shorter but seldom longer than the column which has sublate stelida and a narrow foot. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

More or less 21 species occur in montane forests at elevations up to 1100 meters in New Guinea and the western Pacific Islands.

*SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook.f. 1883

Characterized by the creeping rhizomes giving rise to minute pseudobulbs in comparison to the size of the plant, carrying a single apical, persistent leaf and blooms on a contracted or elongate, lax to dense, many flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers, the pedicel has its basal node level with the floral bract attachment, a typically short column foot and the thin attachment of the free, mobile lip is often deeply imbedded in the surface formed by the base of the lateral sepals, the dense racemose inflorescence with flowers in a regular pattern or lax with flowers having the lateral sepals adpressed to the rachis and having purple coloring. The lateral sepals form a dish to bowl-shaped structure around the lip. The best defining diagnostic sign is the upper margin stellida usually with a slight to distinct wing or tooth, 4 pollina. Remember that stelida have a vein that runs into it wings do not.

There are about 43 species in this section from montane forests at elevations under 2200 meters in India, Sri Lanka to China, southwards to Java and eastwards to the western Pacific.

*SECTION Bulbophyllaria [Rchb.f] Griseb. 1864

Best characterized by the presence of 2 apical leaves and occurring only in Colombia and Venezuela within South America.

These are epiphytes with membraneous, evanescent bracts on the rhizome giving rise to 2 leaved pseudobulbs carrying coriaceous leaves that blooms on a synanthous inflorescence with a pendent peduncle carrying resupinate, spirally arranged flowers with free lateral sepals, erect petals, The anther without a protrusion taller than the anterior margin.

There are 3 species in this new world section within forests at elevations up to 400 meters in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.

~SECTION Bulbophyllum Lindley - See SECTION Lupulina G A Fischer in prep and SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindley 1862

*SECTION Bulbophyllum G A Fischer & J J Vermeullen in prep

Characterized by being epiphytes or lithophytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise usually to well spaced or densely clustered, 1 to 2 leaved pseudobulbs carrying thin, coriaceous, sometimes succulent, oblong to lanceolate leaves, blooming with an erect, terete but never thickened and in some species setaceous, many flowered inflorescence with resupinate, often white or yellowish brownish, rarely red flowers with often transparent sepals and petals that are never fimbriate. The glabrous lip is mostly white but can be red or yellow, is curved-geniculate but never fimbriate. The column foot is short and free and part of the column foot is elongate. The stelida are rarely as long as the anther and carry 4 pollina.

There are at least 32 species occurring in Madagascar, the Mascarenes and the Comoros in humid forests at all elevations

~ SECTION Calamaria Schlecter - See SECTION Lupulina G A Fischer in prep

~SECTION Carparomorchis Clements and Jones 2002 - See SECTION Sestochilos [Breda] Benth & Hook.f. 1883

~SECTION Careyana Pfitzer 1888 - See SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr.f 1883

*`SECTION Carnosisepala G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep.

Characterized by being epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to single leafed pseudobulbs with elongate, racemose, 3 to 12, distichously flowered inflorescence with a thickened rachis, sharply four edged, with 2 concave sides from which the flowers arise. The floral bracts are shorter than the non-resupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially. The lip is mobile, undivided with glabrous margins that are thick and solid. The acuminate stelida are .04 to .048" [1 to 1.2 mm] long. The anther has an abaxial, dorsiventrally flattened protrusion overtopping the anterior margin and carries 4 pollina.

This is a monotypic section found in Africa within lowland and montane forests.

~SECTION Ceratostylopsis Schlechter 1925 - See SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

*`SECTION Chaseella [Summerh.] J M H Shaw 2016

Characterized by being epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to 6 to 12 leaved pseudobulbs with needle shaped leaves with 1 to 2 inflorescence with a not thickened rachis if present, round in crossection from which the flowers arise. The floral bracts are shorter than the resupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially. The lip is mobile, undivided with glabrous margins that are thick and solid. The acuminate stelida are .04 to .048" [1 to 1.2 mm] long. The anther has an abaxial, dorsiventrally flattened protrusion overtopping the anterior margin and carries 4 pollina.

This is a monotypic section within montane forests at elevations up to 2000 meters in Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Uganda and Zaire.

*SECTION Cirrhopetaloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994

Epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a subumbellate, racemose, inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel basal node not to slightly above the floral bract attachment. The dorsal sepal is free, 5 to 9 veined and the margins are entire to erose dentate, fimbriate with or without paleate fimbriae. The lateral sepals are 1.3 to 15 times as long as the dorsal, and are twisted towards the base so that the upper margins turn inward and are free, adherent or adanate along their upper margins, the margins are entire and glabrous. The petals are 3 to 5 veined and have the margins denticulate and fimbriate with or without paleate fimbriae. The undivided, mobile lip is on a thin ligament. The column has a stigma that proximally is not protruding. The stelida are usually shorter than 1/2 the length of the column and usually with a tooth or wing along the upper or lower margin. The anterior suface of the anther is slightly concave or not and the anterior margin is not to hardly drawn out and there are 4 pollina.

There are 19 or so species in this section confined to montane forests up to 1500 meters in elevation in India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.

* SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

Characterized by being medium sized plants with elongated, stout rhizomes giving rise to ovoid, well spaced pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, erect leaf that blooms on a false umbel, like a daisy, and have flowers with the lateral sepals joined in the upper 2/3's and they are very much longer than the other floral segments. The tooth on the adaxial side of the stelida distinguishes this section from the sections Cirrhopetalioides and SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

There are about 10 species in this section from montane forests at elevations up to 1800 meters from Africa, Madagascar and surrounding islands, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,the Philippines and eastward in the Pacific.

~SECTION Cochlia (Bl.) Benth. & Hook.f.1883 - See SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook.f. 1883

*SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

The column and lip are often fused over a large surface and the fused area is small, or consists of a thin ligament only. The most characteristic feature of this section is the presence of a transverse ridge near the base of the lip, with its proximal face pressed to the face of the column foot. The resupinate flowers have the node at the base of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract.

There are 77 species in this section within Borneo, New Guinea, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and into the western Pacific occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 2200 meters.

~SECTION Coelochilus Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

*`SECTION Comata G A Fischer & J J Verm. in prep

Characterized by being epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to single leafed pseudobulbs blooming on elongate, racemose, spirally arranged, many flowered inflorescence with a swollen, spindle shaped rachis, cylindrical or obovoid. The floral bracts are about as long as the resupinate flowers with free sepals and long hairs abaxially. The lip is mobile, auriculate near the base, thick, solid, margins and adaxial surface hirsute. The anther has no abaxial protrusion and carries 4 pollina.

This is a monotypic section occuring in the forests of Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Rwanda at elevations up to 1300 meters.

~ SECTION Corymbosa [Bl] Avery. 1994 - See SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

~SECTION Cycloglossum Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

~SECTION Cylindracea Pfitz. in Engler & Prantl 1889 -See SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook.f. 1883

*SECTION Denticulata G A Fischer & J J Verm. in prep

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to 2 leaved pseudobulbs with elongate, racemose, many spirally arranged flowered inflorescence with a round in crossection, not thickened rachis. The floral bracts are shorter than the resupinate flowers with free sepals finely papillose abaxially. The lip is mobile,undivided, thick, solid, margins glabrous, thick and solid. The anther has an abaxial protrusion that overtops the anterior margin and carries 4 pollina.

This is a monotypic section from western Africa at 900 meters in montane forests. -

* SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J J Smith 1933

Characterized by distinct pseudobulbs with 2 to more flowered inflorescence, a very short rachis with the flowers in a subumbellate inflorescence carrying white, yellow, orange or bright red without purple flowers and the sepals and petals are glabrous to papillose but not ciliate. These orchids have creeping to patent rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on an elongate to subumbellate, racemose, 2 to many flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel basal node hardly above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free and have 3 to 7 veins, the laterals are the same but 1 to 3 times as long as the dorsal sepal and the petals are 1 to 3 veined. The mobile, undivided lip is on a thin ligament. The column has the stigma proximally usually not protruding. The stelida are shorter to longer than 1/2 the length of the column and the lower margin often has a tooth. The anterior surface of the anther is concave or not, and the anterior margin is drawn out to a beak or not. There are 4 pollina, with or without stipes.

There are about 70 species in this section occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 2000 meters in India, China, Taiwan, eastward to the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands.

~SECTION Dialeipanthe Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Intervallatae Ridley 1897

~ SECTION Diceras Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Uncifera Schlechter 1912

*SECTION Didactyle [Lindley] Cogn. 1902

This section has epiphytes with membraneous, evanescent bracts giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, coriaceous leaf and blooms on a synanthous, with an erect to apically drooping peduncle, at an angle up to 45 degrees, carrying distichously arranged, resupinate flowers with free lateral sepals, patent petals, and an anther without a protrusion taller than the anterior margin.

There are 7 species in this section in forests up to 1600 meters in elevation from Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru

~SECTION Diptychanthes sensu Rchb.f. 1857 -See SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook.f. 1883

*SECTION Drymoda (Lindl.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

*SECTION Elasmotopus Schlechter 1925

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to distant, not laterally flattened, 1 to 2 leaved pseudobulbs that blooms on hetranthous, elongate, racemose, 1 to many flowered inflorescence with an elongate, not thickened, round in cross-section, rachis carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers. The free sepals are glabrous abaxially, the petal margins are entire, glabrous, to distally minutely papillose. The mobile lip is undivided, thick or with a thick basal part and a thin apical part, the apical part with an adaxial cavity near the apex or apical part of the lip curved upwards or with both characters combined, with entire, glabrous or partly ciliate margins, the adaxial side without ridges or with inconspicuous ridges with an entire edge. The column is deltoid to triangular with acute stelida with or without a tooth along the lower margins. The anther has a rounded protrusion that is taller than the anterior margin. Most of the species in this section also have 3 veined petals.

There are 10 species to date in this Madagascan Section occuring in humid forests at all elevations.

~ *SECTION Emarginatae Garay, Hamer and Siegrist 1994 - See SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

This section has patent rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf and blooms on a racemose, subumbellate, 1 to 2, to many flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel basal node above the attachment of the floral bracts. The dorsal sepal is free, 5 to 7 veined and is glabrous to ciliolate margined. The lateral sepals are 2 to 3 times as long as the dorsal sepal and are twisted towards the base of the the upper margins which turn inwards and are adherent to connate along their margins. The petals are 3 veined and are ciliolate to papillose distally. The undivided, mobile lip is on a thin ligament, the stigma of the column is not proximally protruding and the column foot is with or without lateral lobes near the apex. The stelida are more or less 1/2 the length of the column or shorter and there is a wing along the lower margin. The anterior of the anther suface is not concave and the anterior margin is not drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There are 3 species in montane forests at elevations up to 2600 meters in India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

*SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to distinct pseudobulbs that arise from nodes beneath and are not fused to the pseudobulb along any distance. The pseudobulbs carry a single, apical, persistent, thick leaf that blooms on a solitary, rachis not to slightly thickened if present, subumbellate, 2 to many flowered, racemose inflorescence with spirally arranged, simultaneously opening flowers with floral bracts that are not amplexicaul and the basal node of the pedicel is one times its diameter above that attachment of the floral bract. The dorsal sepal is free, elliptic to ovate, rounded to caudate, margins entire to erose, fimbriate, glabrous, surface glabrous or adaxially somewhat papillose to hirsute distally and have from 3 to 5 veins. The lateral sepals are 2 to 10 times longer than the dorsal, basally twisted so that the upper margins turn inwards, free to adherent to adnate along the upper margins, sometimes also along the lower margins, the margins entire to minutely erose, the upper margin sometimes slightly fimbriate, glabrous and the surface is glabrous to papillose to hirsute abaxially. The obovate, elliptic to rhombiform to triangular petals are obtuse to caudate, the margins entire to erose to fimbriate, the adaxial surface is glabrous to papillose to hirsute distally and they have 3 veins. The undivided to auriculate, mobile lip is on a thin ligament and is oblong to ovate with a widened base, the margins are entire and usually glabrous and adaxially without ridges, or with 2 inconspicuous to distinct ridges which start at the base as 2 conical knobs, auricles if present attached near the base of the lip and the margins entire and glabrous. The column has the rostellum front receding in between the stelida apices, the stigma is not proximally protruding, the column foot tapers towards its apex of not, and with or without lateral lobes at the apex. The column with stelida are 1/2 the length of the column or much shorter, porrect to downwardly falcate, truncate to rounded to acute to long-subulate. The anther front is concave and the connectivum is drawn out in front to a rounded beak and there are 4 pollina the inner ones a bit longer than the outer and there are no appendages.

There are about 36 species in this section from India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Laos, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and Taiwan in forests at elevations up to 1700 meters

~*SECTION Epibulbon Schltr 1913 - See SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

*SECTION Epicranthes [Bl.] Benth & Hkr. 1883

Characterized by a pendulous rhizome, growing end curved upwards, small adpressed pseudobulbs carrying carrying, single, small, elliptic, fleshy leaves appearing alternate and blooms from chaffy bracts at the base of the pseudobulbs either singly on very short stalks. The pedicel has the basal node above the attachment of the floral bracts. The flowers have sepals that are almost equal, widely spreading, greenish to yellowish with red flush or markings. The petals have a broad base and the bases are split into two diverging lobes almost to the base and each lobe carries from 3 to 34 narrow appendages, often dark grey in color, on delicate stalks, stiffly stalked or more or less joined together and there is one appendage that often arises from between the sinus of the two lobes. The lip is narrow and almost straight, fleshy, red or green and in at least part covered by glistening vesicles which secrete small drops of nectar.

There are 40 species in this section from montane forests up to 3300 meters in elevation in China, Myanmar to Java, Borneo and eastward to New Guinea and New Caledonia.

*SECTION Eublepharon J J Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

The orchids in this section are epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to distinct, longitudinally wrinkled with age pseudodulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on an elongate to subumbellate, racemose, 2 to many flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the basal node of the pedicel level to slightly above the attachment of the floral bract. The usually 3 nerved dorsal sepal is free, and has entire to denticulate margins, the laterals are 1 to 2 times longer than the dorsal, are usually free and are 3 to 5 veined. The petals are 1 to 3 veined and have erose to fimbriate margins. The undivided lip is on a thin ligament. The column has the stigma proximally not protruding and the column foot has teeth near the apex. The stelida are 1 to 2 times the length of the column or shorter, with or without teeth on the upper or lower margins. The anther surface is not concave and the anterior margin is drawn out or not. There are 4 pollina.

There are about 10 species occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 3300 meters in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Japan, Laos and Vietnam

~SECTION Fruticicola Schltr 1913 - See *SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

*SECTION Furvescens E C Schmidt, Borba & Vandenburg in prep

The orchids in this section are epiphytes with evanescent, membraneous bracts giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, coriaceous leaf that blooms on a synanthous to proteranthous, erect to apically drooping to 20 degrees, racemose inflorescence carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with free lateral sepals, erect petals and an anther without a protrusion taller than the anterior margin.

There are 5 species in this section occuring in forests at elevations up to 1900 meters in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana, Fr Guiana and Surinam as well as Mexico.

~SECTION Gibberanthera J.J.Sm. 1916 - See SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913

*`SECTION Gilgiana G A Fischer & J J Verm. in prep

Characterized by being epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to 2 leaved pseudobulbs with elongate, racemose, 1 to 3 flowered inflorescence with a round in crossection, not thickened rachis carrying spirally arranged flowers. The floral bracts are shorter than the non-resupinate flowers with free sepals that are sparsely hirsute abaxially. The lip is mobile and undivided, margins ciliate, thick and solid. The anther has an abaxial protrusion that does not overtop the anterior margin and carries 4, stipitate pollina.

This is a monotypic section from Tanzania in western Africa at elevations up to 1900 meters in montane forests.

~ SECTION Globiceps Schltr. 1913 - See SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

`*SECTION Gongorodes J J Smith 1914

Characterized by the intricately folded or incised petal tips that are a unique character otherwise they would fit within the section Leopardinae. They are epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single persistent leaf that blooms on a many flowered, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers and a pedicel that has the basal node level with the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, the dorsal 3 to 7 veined, the laterals 1.6 to 1.9 times as long as the dorsal sepal, the petals are 1 to 3 veined with their apices widened or tridentate or sharply folded twice with erose margins. The undivided, mobile lip is on a thin ligament, the stigma of the column is not proximally protruding, the column foot and the lateral sepals are attached half way along their length so that a gap exists between the lower margins of the petals and the upper margins of the lateral sepals each having 2 teeth at the apex. The stelidas are shorter than 1/2 the length of the column and are triangular, subacute, with or without a slight tooth along the upper margin and 2 teeth on the lower. The anterior surface of the anther is concave and the anterior margin is drawn out or not. There are 4 pollina

There are 2 species in this section from montane forests up to 1500 meters in elevation in New Guinea

~ SECTION Hedyothyrsus Schlechter 1912 - See SECTION Macrouris Schlechter 1913

*SECTION Hemisterantha J J Verm 2014

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to a single, persistent leaf that blooms on a single flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The usually free sepals are more or less equal and are usually 3 veined. The petals are single veined and have entire to erose, glabrous to papillose margins. The mobile, undivided, fleshy lip is on a thin ligament, the column stigma is often proximally protruding and the column foot is with or without an apical dorsal tooth. The stelida are often with a dorsal tooth along the upper or lower margin. The anterior suface of the anther is concave or not and the anterior margin can be drawn out into a beak or not and there are 2 or 4 pollina.

There are only 2 species in this section confined to Sulawesi at elevations up to 1200 meters within montane forests.

`*SECTION Hirtula Ridley 1907

This section is characterized by epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to distinct to minute, rugose with age pseudobulbs carrying a single persistent leaf that blooms on a many flowered, subumbellate to elongate, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers and a pedicel that has the basal node level with to above the attachment of the floral bract. The free sepals are equal in length, and are usually 3 to 5 veined and glabrous to ciliate in texture. The single veined petals have ciliate margins. The auriculate, mobile lip is on a thin ligament and the column stigma is proximally protruding or not. The stelida are more or less 1/2 the length of the column or shorter and they may or may not have a tooth along the upper and lower margins. The anterior suface of the anther is concave or not and the anterior margin may be drawn out or not. There are 4 pollina.

There are 40 species in this section from montane forests at elevations up to 2500 meters in India to China, southward to Java, eastward to the Philippines and Sulawesi.

~SECTION Henosis [Hkr.] Ormerod 2001 - See SECTION Monomeria [Lindl.] J J Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

*SECTION Hoplandra Vermeullen 2006

Species of this section share the following characters: the basal node of the pedicel is level to above the attachment of the floral bract, the median sepal has a sharply conduplicate apical part. Lateral sepals distinctly longer than the median. Column foot not widened nor thickened. Anther with an upturned, distinctly widened and thickened top part.

There are about 10 species in this section from montane forests up to 1200 meters in penninsular Malaysia and Sumatra and then eastward to the Pacific Islands

`*SECTION Hyalosema Schlechter 1911

Characterized by having distinct pseudobulbs with new growths sprouting from the basal node and not fused to the pseudobulb, usually with a single flower with tubular floral bracts, a pedicel with the basal node well above the attachment of the floral bract, free sepals or the lateral connate along the lower margin, as long as or slightly shorter than the median, obtuse to caudate, margins entire, glabrous to papillose to hirsute and usually 5 veined. The petals are obtuse to caudate, if caudate the tip is often thickened into a globular to ellipsoid-cylindrical appendage, margins entire, glabrous, usually 3 veined. The lip is mobile on a thin ligament, undivided, oblong, ovate to sub-triangular, margins entire, glabrous to papillose to ciliate, adaxially often concave near the base without ridges, surface glabrous to partly hirsute. There are 4 pollina.

There are more or less than 19 species within montane forests up to 1500 meters in elevation in Thailand and Java and then eastward to the Pacific Islands

~ SECTION Hybochilus Schlechter 1912 - See SECTION Oxysepala Benthaham & J D Hook.f. 1883

`*SECTION Hymenobractea Schlechter 1913

This section is made up of epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to a minute pseudobulb carrying a single persistent leaf that blooms on a patent to erect, 1 to 10 flowered inflorescence carrying non-resupinate, distichous flowers with the pedicel basal node above the attachment of the amplexicaul, often proximally tubular floral bract. The sepals are 5 to 9 veined with a broadly attached base, the laterals are 1 to 1.4 times as long as the dorsal, and the laterals are united at the base to the column foot forming a mentum. The petals are 3 to 5 veined with a broadly attached base and have entire margins. The distinctly recurved, at 1/3 to 1/2 of its length, mobile lip has a thin ligament and is entire. The column is often proximally protruding or has 2 protruding teeth and a column foot. The stelida are 1/2 the length of the column or shorter with or without a tooth along the upper and lower margins. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not to slightly drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There are 2 species in montane forests at elevations up to 1500 meters in Papua New Guinea

~ SECTION Hymenosepalum - See SECTION Elasmotopus Schlechter 1925

`*SECTION Ikongoense G A Fischer & J J Vermeullen 2014

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to distant, not, to only slightly laterally flattened, 2 leaved pseudobulbs that blooms on heteranthous, elongate, racemose, many flowered inflorescence with a thickened, spindle-shaped rachis carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially, the petals are glabrous, with entire margins, the concave lip is undivided, mobile, thin and the apical part curves upward with entire margins that are glabrous and the adaxial side has no ridges The column has deltoid, obtuse stelida with the rostellum protruding in between and without a tooth along the lower margin. The anther is with or without an abaxial protrusion

This is a monotypic section from Madagascar

SECTION Imitatores J.J.Verm. , Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

This section has patent rhizomes giving rise to distinct to minute pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a subumbellate to elongated, 1 to many flowered, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with usually not amplexicaul floral bracts and the basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, almost equal, and usually 3 veined. The petals have from 1 to 3 veins. The undivided mobile lip is on a thin ligament. The column has the anterior surface of the rostellum about level with the apices of the stelida or receding in between these. The stigma is not proximally protruding . The stelida are shorter than the column. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not drawn out, except B glaucum which has a small triangular beak. There are 2 or 4 pollina.

There are 4 species in this section occuring in montane forests at elevations up to 2800 meters in New Guinea and the western Pacific islands

*SECTION Intervallatae Ridley 1897

Characterized by hardly visible to not very well developed pseudobulbs giving rise to short to long, wiry inflorescence with successive racemes at the apex and carrying distichous, resupinate, successively single flowers. The basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the amplexicaul, often proximally tubular floral bracts. The lip is rather flat and quite smooth and the stelida of the column are short or reduced to small teeth

There are about 44 species in this section from forests to elevations up to 1400 meters in penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Philippines, New Guinea and the western Pacific islands.

SECTION Inversiflora G A Fischer & P J Cribb

Characterized by the creeping rhizome giving rise to close set, distinctly laterally flattened, adpressed to the rhizome pseudobulbs carrying 2 apical leaves that blooms on a heteranthous, many flowered, elongate, rachis thickened, spindle shaped inflorescence carrying spirally arranged, non resupinate, reflexed flowers with the lip turned away from the rachis. The sepals are free and glabrous abaxially. The petal margins are entire and glabrous. The undivided, thick, mobile lip has margins that are entire, glabrous to partly ciliate. The column has triangular, acute stelida with or without a tooth along the lower margin, The anther has a rounded to conical protrusion that overtops the anterior margin.

This section has 2 species occuring in open or dwarf montane forests at elevations of 800 to 1400 meters

SECTION Ione [Lindley] J J Verm Schuit & de Vogel 2014

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes with glabrous to papillose bracts giving rise to a single, persistent leafed pseudobulb blooming on a, from nodes below the pseudobulbs, 1 to many flowered inflorescence with 4 to 8 bracts on the peduncle and with elongate, not thickened racemes carrying distichously arranged, simultaneously opening, resupinate flowers. The floral bracts are amplexicaul not tubular and the pedicel basal node is level with the attachment of the floral bract which can be shorter or longer than the ovary. The dorsal sepal is free with entire, rarely erose margins and the laterals are similar but can be adherent along the lower margin. The lip is not mobile, attached to the column foot by a thick strip of tissue, undivided to sub trilobed, often with a drawn out linear, apical part, with entire to erose to denticulate margins. the column has a rostellum anterior sufaces protruding in between stelida, the stigma is proximally not protruding and there are 4 pollina equal in size or with one v-shaped stipe or with 2 separate stipes with a single viscidium or with 2 separate viscidia or one one entire stipe.

At present there are 22 species in this section from India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Taiwan occuring in montane forests up to 2700 meters in elevation

~ SECTION Ischnopus Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Macrouris Schlechter 1913

~ SECTION Kainochilus Schlechter - See SECTION Kinethrix Schlechter 1910

*SECTION Kinethrix Schlechter 1910

Characterized by the creeping rhizomes distant, hardly laterally flattened pseudobulbs carrying 1 to 2, apical leaves that blooms on an heteranthous, elongate rachis thickened or not, many flowered inflorescence carrying spirally arranged, resupinate, reflexed flowers with the labellum turned away form the rachis. The sepals are free and glabrous abaxially, the petals have entire margins and are glabrous or slightly papillose distally as well as 1/3 the length of the dosal sepal or shorter. The mobile lip is undivided, thick, with fimbriate margins or with mobile appendages. The column has triangular to ligulate, acute stelida with a distinct tooth along the lower margin close to the base. The anther has a rounded to conical protrusion that is taller than the anterior margin.

There are 11 species in high elevation moist montane forests in Madagascar and the Mascarenes

SECTION Lasiogaster J J Verm. Schuit. & dr Vogel 2018

This section was created from SECTION Monanthaparva Ridl. 1896where the new type was formally placed. It differs by the coarsely papillose adaxial lip suface with papillae arranged in transverse rows.

*SECTION Lemniscata Pfitz 1889

According to J J Vermuelen this section is defined by creeping rhizomes with distinct to minute pseudobulbs carrying 2, apical, decidous leaves that blooms on a subumbellate to elongate, racemose, 2 to many flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel basal node more or less level with the attachment of the floral bract. The free dorsal sepals are 1 to 5 veined, have entire to erose, to irregularily fimbriate, to paleate margins, the laterals are free to adnate usually along the lower margin, they are 3 to 5 veined and are 1 to 6.9 times as long as the dorsal. The petals are usually single veined with entire to fimbriate to paleate margins. The undivided mobile lip is on a thin ligament and the stigma of the column is not proximally protruding. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is drawn out to a beak or not. There are 4 pollina.

There are about 32 species in forests at elevations up to 400 meters in India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.

~ *SECTION Lemuraea - See SECTION Bulbophyllum G A Fischer & J J Vermeullen in prep

*SECTION Leopardinae Bentham 1883

Vermuellen 1991

"{This section was created} to accommodate a series of species which have the node between the peduncle and the pedicel more or less coinciding with its bract, or have the distance between this node and its bract not exceeding 1.5 times the diameter of the pedicel at its base. In sect. Sestochilos as well as sect. Stenochilus the distance between the node and its bract equals or exceeds 2 times the diameter of the pedicel at its base"

Seven species make up this section from forests up to 3300 meters in India, Nepal, China, Taiwan, Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, and the Philippines.

*SECTION Lepanthanthe Schlechter 1913

This section has creeping rhizomes giving rise to shoots proximally fused to the minute pseudobulb carrying a single apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a racemose, many flowered inflorescence with spirally arranged, resupinate flowers that has the pedicel basal node above the attachment of the floral bracts. The free equal sepals have an apical, fleshy subulate projection and the margins are glabrous, to papillose to ciliate, usually 3 veined, abaxially keeled or not. Dorsal sepal free, laterals sometimes connate along their lower margins. The petals have a single vein and their margins are erose, entire, glabrous to ciliate. The undivided or trilobed, mobile lip is on a thin ligament. The rostellum of the column has an anterior surface that is even with the stelida apices, or receding in between these, the stigma is proximally usually protruding. The stelida are 1/2 or shorter than the length of the column and often have a tooth along the lower margin. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave, the anterior margin is drawn out to a beak or not and there are 2 pollina.

There are 17 species in this section from forests up to 3300 meters in New Guinea and the western Pacific Islands.

* SECTION Lepidorhiza Schlechter 1911

According the J J Vermeullen 2015; Epiphyte with creeping rhizomes with verrucate roots giving rise to usually distinct pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a usually elongate, racemose, successively single, 2 to many flowered inflorescence with distichously arranged, resupinate flowers with the basal node of the pedicel usually above the attachment of the usually proximally tubular floral bracts. The sepals are 5 to 13 veined, the dorsal is free, the laterals are 1 to 1.7 times as long as the dorsal sepal and are often twisted at their base so that the upper margins turn inward and are either free or adherent along their upper margins. The petals are usually 3 to 12 veined, and the undivided, subtrilobed or auriculate, moblie lip is on a thin ligament. The stigma of the column is often proximally protruding and the stelida often have a tooth along the upper and or lower margins. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not to hardly drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There are 28 species in this section from forests up to 1900 meters within Borneo, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Moluccas, New Guinea, and the western Pacific Islands.

~*SECTION Lepiophylax - See SECTION Pantoblepharon Schlechter 1925

~SECTION Leptopus Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

*SECTION Lichenophylax Schlechter 1924

Epiphytes or lithophytes resembling moss in size with a ramified and creeping rhizome with tubular sheaths covering new growth and pseudobulb bases, disintegrating with age. The pseudobulbs are green, often laterally flattened and carry 2, elliptic, acute, thin, soft leaves that blooms on an erect, not swollen, setaceous, with sheaths and the resupinate flower is terminal with free sepals that are acute to longly caudate, 3 veined with entire to finely fimbriate margins. The petals are one veined, the margins are entire to fimbriate and the surface is occasionally finely papillose. The lip is fleshy, often swollen, glabrous or papillose with entire to fimbriate margins. The column often has a tooth in its dorsal margin. The stelids are truncate, triangular to hook shaped and carry 4 pollina

There are at least 17 species in the moist forests of Madagascar.

~* SECTION Loxosepalum - See SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

* SECTION Lupulina G A Fischer in prep

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to 1 to 2 leaved pseudobulbs blooming on an elongate, racemose, spirally arranged, 4 to many flowered inflorescence with the rachis not thickened, round in section to spindle shaped, shorter to as long as the nonresupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially. The lip is mobile, undivided with entire to fimbriate margins that are thick and solid. The anther has an abaxial rounded protrusion that does not overtop the margin to a dorsilventrally flattened and a bifid one that overtops the anterior margin either carrying 4 pollina.

There are 3 species in Africa and 18 from Madagascar in savannah woodlands and montane forests at elevations up to 1800 meters.

`*SECTION Lyperocephalum Schlechter 1925

Epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to distant, not laterally flattened, 1 leaved pseudobulbs that blooms on heteranthous, congested, capitate, racemose, many flowered inflorescence with a not thickened, round in section rachis carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially, glabrous petals with entire margins, a mobile, thick, undivided lip with entire margins that are glabrous to slightly papillose. The column has triangular, acute stelida with a tooth along the lower margin. The anther abaxially has a protrusion that is not taller than the anterior margin

This is a monotypic section from Madagascar occuring in humid lowland and montane forests

~*SECTION Lyperostachys - See SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

~ *SECTION Lyraea [Lindl.] Moore 1877 - SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

~SECTION Macrobulbon Schlechter 1912 - See SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

*SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

Vermuellen 2014 states that the plants are epiphytes with a creeping rhizome giving rise to shoots proximally fused to the pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, usually persistent leaf that blooms on a single flowered inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers that have the pedicel basal node above the attachment of the floral bracts. Usually the dorsal sepal is free, has 3 to 5 veins and has entire to glabrous to erose to papillose margins, the laterals are 1 to 5 times as long as the dorsal sepal. The petals have 1 to 3 veins and the margins are entire to erose. The usually undivided, mobile lip is on a thin ligament, the column stigma is proximally protruding or not, the stelida are with or without a slight tooth along the upper and lower margins. The anterior surface of the anther is concave or not and the anterior margin is drawn out or not. There are 2 to 4 pollina with or without stipes.

Vermuellen etal. 2015 state that the creeping, brittle rhizomes break off just in front of the part fused to or covered by the prostrate pseudobulb. The peduncle scales are all close to the base of the peduncle but in some species [B dransfieldii and B streptomorphum] the peduncle is so short that the character is not obvious. Usually the abaxial side of the lip does not have a groove over the median line, exceptions are B anisopterum, B streptomorphum, B longistellidum and B tristriatum.

There are more or less 68 species in this section from forests up to elevations of 2500 meters in India, China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Philippines.

*SECTION Macrostylida Garay, Hamer & Siegrrist 1994

Characterized by the epiphytic nature with creeping rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs with a single persistent leaf that blooms on a usually 2 to many flowered subumbellate, racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers with the pedicel's basal node above the floral bract attachment. The dorsal sepal is free and it is 5 veined, the laterals are similar but they are usually 1.3 to 4.5 times as long as the dorsal and are slightly twisted near the base so the upper margins turn inward and are free or connate along their upper margins. The petals are 3 veined. The mobile, undivided lip is on a thin ligament. The stelida are widened distally the apex rounded to truncate to bifid or erose, with a wing low down on the lower margin. The anterior suface of the anther is not concave and the anterior margin is not to hardly drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

Four species make up this section from forests at elevations up to 2000 meters in India, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Japan and Vietnam.

*SECTION Macrouris Schlechter 1913

Characterized by the elongated sympodia which are seldom erect, sometimes creeping and often loosely pendent, The rhizome is always slender with distinct pseudobulbs and have delicate inflorescence that are mostly multi-flowered but there is a single flowered species. The delicate flowers are white to whitish, often with a yellowish to reddish lip which are always simple in shape, The sepals are tailed and the column is very much shortened with short stelida and a long, narrow foot. The basal nodes of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bracts.

There are 28 species in this section from forests at elevations up to 3000 meters in New Guinea, Moluccas and the western Pacific Islands.

~SECTION Manobulbon Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Uncifera Schlechter 1912

* SECTION Megaclinium Lindley

Characterized by being epiphytes or lithophytes usually with a creeping rhizome [B fayei is patent] giving rise to 1 to 3 leaved pseudobulbs that blooms on an elongate, racemose, 2 to many flowered inflorescence with distichous, resupinate to non resupinate flowers on a rachis that is usually thickened and flattened but sometimes not thickened and round in section, flowers along the midvein. The floral bracts are slightly shorter than the flowers that have free, glabrous to hirsute abaxially sepals, the lip is mobile and undivided, with entire to denticulate to lacerate margins that are usually thick, soft and easy to compress. The anther is without an abaxial protrusion or with a rounded protrusion that may overlap the anterior margin . There are 4 pollina.

There are 19 species in this solely African section occuring in mangrove forests, savannah woodlands, plantations, lowland and montane forests at elevations up to 2300 meters.

~SECTION Megaloglossum Carr 1933 - See SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

*SECTION Micranthae Barb Rodr. 1882

This section is made up of epiphytes with evanescent, membraneous bracts giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, coriaceous leaf that blooms on a synanthous, erect to apically drooping to 45 degrees, racemose inflorescence carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with free lateral sepals, erect petals and an anther that does not overtop the anteroir margin.

There are 10 species within this section occuring in Bolivia and Brazil

~SECTION Micromonanthe Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

~SECTION Minahassaea Schlechter 1925 - See SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

*SECTION Minutissima Pfitzer 1888

Characterized by being straggling to creeping epiphytes with distinct to minute pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent leaf that blooms on a single flowered inflorescence carrying a resupinate flower with the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free are more or less equal and have 1 to 3 veins, the petals are usually single veined, there are 2 to 4 pollina.

Distinguished from other sections by the single flowered inflorescence, the basal node of the pedicel well above the attachment of the floral bract, the glabrous flowers, stellida that are so short that their apex is about level with the rostellum front or even shorter as well as being small, mat forming plants with wiry, thin rhizomes, except the species B perparvulum that grows in tufts.

There are 23 species in this section from forests at elevations up to 2400 meters in Thailand, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand

*SECTION Monanthaparva Ridl. 1896

Characterized by having a basal node above the attachment of the floral bract, an elongated pedicel, an entire lip, none to an inconspicuous median ridge on the lip and a narrow column foot

There are about 36 species in forests at elevations up to 2500 meters in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands

SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

~SECTION Monilibulbus J.J.Sm. 1914 - SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

*`SECTION Monomeria [Lindl.] J J Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

This section has creeping rhizomes giving rise to shoots proximally fused to the pseduobulbs or not that wrinkle with age longitudinally and carry a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on elongate, many flowered racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers and a pedicel with the basal node above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free and the dorsal is 5 to 7 veined, lateral sepals 1.5 to 1.8 times longer than the dorsal. The petals are 1 to sometimes 2 veined with entire to fimbriate, glabrous to ciliate margins and the lip is mobile on a thin ligament and is distinctly auricular to undivided. The stelida with or without a tooth along the upper or lower margin or with the upper margin winged. The anterior surface of the anther is concave or not and the anterior margin of the anther is drawn out and there are 4 pollina.

There are 4 species in this section from India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and penninsular Malaysia in forests at elevations up to 1500 meters.

*`SECTION Monosepalum J J Sm. 1916

Characterized by the pendent, resupinate flower with the node at the base of the pedicel placed above the attachment of the floral bract and the shape of the peculiar connate sepals and by the petals and the lip.

There are three species at present in this section confined to New Guinea at elevations up to 2500 meters

`*SECTION Moratii G A Fischer & J J Vermeullen in prep.

Epiphyte with a stout, elongate rhizome giving rise to distant, not laterally flattened pseudobulbs carrying 2 apical, narrowly obovate leaves that blooms in the fall on a heteranthous, not thickened rachis, elongate, racemose, many flowered inflorescence with spirally arranged, resupinate flowers and floral bracts that are as long as the flowers.

This is a monotypic section from notheastern Madgascar in wet, lower montane forests at elevations of 600 to 1000 meters

*SECTION Napellii Rchb.f 1861

Characterized by a single apical leaf and blooming on a synanthous, erect to apically drooping up to 135 degrees with a racemose inflorescence carrying distichously arranged, resupinate flowers with free lateral sepals, erect petals, an anther without a protrusion that is as tall as its anterior margin

There are 12 species in forests up to 650 meters in elevation from Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela

~SECTION Nematorhizis Schlechter 1912 - See SECTION Minutissima Pfitzer 1888

~SECTION Odoardiana Pfitz. 1889 - See SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

*SECTION Oreonastes G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep.

Characterized by being epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes [patent in B teretifolium Schltr.] giving rise to 1 or 2 leaved pseudobulbs blooming on distichously, many flowered, elongate, racemose inflorescence with a resupinate or not flower, rachis thickened, sharply 4 edged, with 2 narrow, concave sides from which the flowers arise. The floral bracts are shorter or longer than the flowers with free sepals that are glabrous to papillose to sparsely hirsute abaxially. The lip is mobile, undivided or trilobed, with entire to erose to dentate margins that are thick and solid, the acuminate stelida are .04 to .048" [.1 to .12 mm] long, the anther abaxially has a dorsiventrally flattened protrusion higher than the anterior margin and carries 4 pollina.

At present there are 10 species in this section only from Africa in lowland forests rain forests, plantations, semideciduous forests and montane forests at elevations up to 2800 meters.

~SECTION Osyricera (Bl.) J.J. Sm. 1914 - See SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook.f. 1883

*SECTION Oxysepala Benthaham & J D Hook.f. 1883

Single flowered inflorescence with resupinate flowers, tubular floral bracts, the pedicel basal node level with the attachment of the floral bract, the sepals usually nearly equal, usually 3 veined, margins glabrous to ciliate, with a free dorsal sepal, and the laterals free to connate along their lower margins. Single veined petals have entire to erose, glabrous to ciliate margins. The mobile lip is on a thin ligament and is undivided, auriculate to trilobed. There are 2 or 4 pollina.

There are about 150 species in this section confined to India, China, Indochina, to Australia and the Pacific in forests at elevations up to 3000 meters

~SECTION Pachyanthe Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Intervallatae and SECTION Lepidorhiza Schlechter 1911

*SECTION Pachychlamys Schlechter 1925

Epiphytes with creeping rhizomes enveloped by thick and fibrous, patent apically sheaths and giving rise to clustered to distant, not laterally flattened, 2 leaved pseudobulbs that blooms on a synanthous or heteranthous, elongate, racemose, rachis hardly to not thickened, many flowered inflorescence with the lower floral bracts .28" [7 mm] long or shorter, carrying spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with free sepals that are glabrous abaxially. The margins of the petals are entire to distally minutely erose and glabrous, the mobile, undivided lip is thick and the apical part is porrect or recurved, adaxially flat or convex, margins glabrous, adaxial side without ridges or with ridges with an entire edge, The column is triangular with acute stelida and without a tooth along the lower margins [Except B multivaginatum which has a tooth]. The anther has a rounded protrusion that is slightly taller than the anterior margin.

There are ten species within this section confined to Madagascar and the Mascarenes occurring in humid lowland and montane forests.

~ SECTION Pahudia Schltr. 1911 - See SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

~ SECTION Pahudiella Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994 - See SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

*SECTION Pantoblepharon Schlechter 1925

Characterized by being small epiphytes or lithophytes with creeping rhizomes giving rise to clustered to distant, flattened or not, single leafed pseudobulbs and blooming on a heteranthous, stubby, shorter than to longer than the leaf, rachis not thickened, 1 to many flowered inflorescence with spirally arranged, resupinate flowers with ciliate floral parts, free, glabrous abaxially sepals, petals with an entire to distally erose margins that are papillose to ciliate and a mobile, undivided, margin entire, ciliate lip with a column with triangular, acute stelida with or without a tooth along the lower margin. The anther is with or without a protrusion that does not overtop the anterior margin.

There are 15 species in this section in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.

*SECTION Papulipetalum Schltr. 1913

This section and Section Brachypus are similar and have been combined in the past, but what separates them is that this section has sepals that are unequal, the laterals are longer than the dorsal and the petals as well have apical hairs.

There are about 22 species in this section confined to New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific in forests on mossless tree trunks at elevations up to 2250 meters

*`SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

Characterized by the creeping rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a single flowered inflorescence carrying a resupinate flower with the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, equal, 3 to 5 veined and the margins are glabrous to ciliolate. The petals have 1 vein, the midvein abaxially keeled, the margins entire to lacerate. The lip is immobile and is fused to the column foot by a thick strip of tissue that is auriculate, saccate with a small apical part overhanging the anterior margin. The column foot is thickened towards the apex and ends in 1 to 2 calli around which the lip is attached. The stelida have the upper margin with or without a small tooth. The back surface of the anther is concave and the back margin is drawn out. There are 2 to 4 pollina.

There are 33 species in this section in forests at elevations up to 3550 meters in Sulawesi, New Guinea, eastward and the western Pacific islands.

*SECTION Pelma [Finet] Schlechter 1913

Characterized by an inflorescence with 1 or more flowers, a flower with the dorsal sepal apex being obtuse to caudate and has distinct lateral sepals that are not very small. The lip is not divided into lobes and usually has an inconspicuous to distinct concavity that has 2 converging teeth which together usually form a transverse ridge. The column has a distinctly protruding or not rostellum, the base of the stigma protrudes often as a beaked structure in lateral view or not but does not have teeth. The column foot has a thick median knob immediately above the concavity.

There are 26 species in this section in forests at elevations up to 2800 meters in Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Philippines, the Moluccas, New Guinea, eastward to New Caledonia and the western Pacific islands.

* SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

Characterized by the distinct pseudobulbs and slender, single flowered inflorescence with medium sized flowers with long-lanceolate sepals, small petals and a flat above lip with a concavity at the base into which fits the pelately thickened column foot. The basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bract. The column is thick and short with obliquely truncated stelida.

There are 33 species in this section occuring in forests at elevations up to 2900 meters in New Guinea, New Caledonia and the western Pacific Islands

`*SECTION Phreatiopsis Verm & O'Byrne 2011

Characterized by a triangular callus at the base of the lip and the basal node of the pedicel is level with the attachment of the floral bract. There are 4 pollina.

There are 2 species in this section within penninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi and New Guinea

SECTION Physometra J.J.Vermeulen, Suksathan & Watthana

A monotypic section characterized by a inflorescence carrying a few flowers with a single sterile flower that becomes a hollow seed-pod like structure]

*SECTION Piestobulbon Schlechter 1923

Epiphytes with patent to ascending rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs carrying a single, apical, persistent leaf that blooms on a single flowered inflorescence. The basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bracts. The equal in size sepals are free and have 3 veins and the margins are glabrous to ciliate. The petals are single veined and the margins are entire to denticulate, glabrous to ciliate. The lip is mobile, on a thin ligament and is undivided and is adaxially concave at the base, the front of which is bordered by a transverse ridge notched halfway or with a concave crest line. The column foot has a tooth at the apex. The upper margin of the stelida often has a tooth and the lower margin has a tooth. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave and the margin is drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

There are 5 species in this section in forests at unknown elevations in New Guinea and the Pacific Islands

*SECTION Planibulbus Verm, Schuit & De Vogel 2014

This section is similar to many species within SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994 but these plants are larger with long creeping rhizomes that are wiry and not brittle and the have racemose inflorescence carrying resupinate flowers that have the basal node of the pedicel level with the attachment of the floral bracts There are 4 pollina.

The prostrate pseudobulbs on an elongated, wiry rhizome are diagnostic in the field.

There are 2 species in Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo

~SECTION Pleiophyllus J.J.Sm. 1914 - See SECTION Lemniscata Pfitz 1889

*SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

Characterized by medium to large sized plants with 2 leaved pseudobulbs and blooms on a many flowered inflorescence carrying flowers with the lateral sepals united into an elliptic to semi-circular synsepal that is bifid or bidentate apically, keeled on the reverse which extend into the ovary and the flower has short stellida. The anther is with or without a rounded protrusion that is shorter than the anterior margin.

There are about 75 species in this section in Madagascar, the Mascarenes and the Comoros occuring in humid lowlands or Montane forests

*SECTION Plumata J J Verm, Schuit, & De Vogel 2015

This section differs from SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f. in having erose to denticulate petal margins and the margins of the median sepal are entire to erose. The resupinate flowers are held in a subumbellate raceme and are 1 or 2 to 4 flowered with the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The dorsal sepal has 3 to 17 veins and the margins are glabrous to minutely cilolate, the lateral sepals are 3 to 16 times as long as the dorsal and are connate along the upper and usually along the lower margin. They have 5 to 11 veins. The petals are 1 to 3 veined and the apical margin carries 12 to 32 appendages that differ in texture from the petals themselves. The mobile lip is undivided and is on a thin ligament. The column face is longitudinaly furrowed. There are 4 pollina.

There are 4 species in this section from Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines in forests at elevations up to 1400 meters.

~SECTION Polyblepharon Schlechter 1912 - See SECTION Oxysepala [Wight] Rchb.f 1861

*SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

Characterized by having either a creeping or pendant rhizome and a single flowered inflorescence with a mobile, undivided to auriculate lip carrying resupinate flowers with the basal node of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The anterior margin of the anther is not drawn out. There are usually 4 pollina.

There are about 164 species at this time in this section from India, Thailand, Sumatra, Java, and eastward to the western Pacific Islands in forests at elevations up to 3400 meters

*`SECTION Polyradices G A Fischer, Seider and Cribb 2007

Epiphytes with membraneous, persistent rhizome scales and densely clustered, bilaterally flattened pseudobulbs carrying a single, coriaceous leaf that blooms on a synanthous, peduncle pendent, scattered, few flowered inflorescence with shorter than the resupinate flowers floral bracts. The petals are finely papillose on the margins and the lip is the same on the underside. The anther has a protrusion that is taller than the anterior margin .

This is a monotypic section confined to Madagascar and occuring in lower montane forests at elevations up to 1400 meters.

~ SECTION Polyrhopalon Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

*`SECTION Pseudopelma J J Vermeullen and Peter O'Byrne 2003

2 Epiphytes formerly within the section Desmosanthes with creeping or straggling rhizomes giving rise to coarsely papillose roots and finely and densely papillose rhizome bracts from which arise single leafed pseudobulbs that have the new growths arise from nodes below the pseudobulbs but not fused to them. The persistent leaves have thin inconspicuous veins. The inflorescence arises from nodes beneath the pseudobulb or from nodes scattered along the rhizome as solitary or few fasiculate, 1 to 5 flowered, elongate racemes, peduncle with 2 to 3 bracts, rachis not thickened, carrying resupinate, simultaneously opening if racemose flowers with the basal node of the pedicel below the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, almost equal, elliptic to triangular, acute to acuminate and have entire margins. The petals are 3 veined with entire, glabrous margins. The proximal edge of the stigma is truncated by a transverse ridge or a triangular tooth. The anterior surface of the anther is not concave nor is it drawn out. There are 4 pollina with the inner ones half the size of the outer ones.

These 2 species were within SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933 but were removed as they differ in the coarsely papillose roots and finely and densely papillose rhizome bracts and the proximal edge of the stigma is truncated by a transverse ridge or a triangular tooth

There are 2 species in this section from the lowland forests of Sulawesi.

*SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindley 1862

Characterized by being epiphytes, lithophytes or terrestrials with creeping rhizomes giving rise to pseudobulbs with 1 or 2 leaves that blooms on an elongate to contracted, racemose, 1 to many flowered inflorescence with the rachis not to hardly thickened, usually round in section, sometimes slightly angular. The floral bracts are usually shorter to as long as the flowers [B pandanetorum has floral bracts longer than the flower]. The flowers are spirally to distichously arranged and are resupinate or not and have free sepals that are glabrous abaxially. The lip is mobile and undivided exept in B nigritianum which is trilobed. The margins are glabrous to long ciliate and are thick and solid at least at the base. The anther is without an abaxial protrusion or with a rounded protrusion that may overtop the anterior margin and carries 2 to 4 pollina.

There are thirty species at this time only in Africa occuring in savannah woodlands, mangroves, lowland and montane forests at elevations up to 2400 meters.

*SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr 1883

These are creeping to straggling epiphytes with shoots developing from the nodes beneath the pseudobulb but not fused to them, with pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent, thick, without conspicuous veined leaf that blooms on a from the nodes beneath the pseudobulb solitary, many flowered inflorescence with contracted to elongate racemes with spirally arranged, simultaneously opening, resupinate flowers. The peduncle with 3 to 7 bracts, the rachis thickened or not, floral bracts amplexicaul and the basal node of the pedicel is level with or less than the diameter of the pedicel above the attachment of the floral bract. The dorsal sepal is free, obovate to elliptic, rounded to acuminate, 3 to 7 veined, margins entire, glabrous, abaxially sometimes verrucate. The laterals are 1.2 to 2.3 times longer than the dorsal, loosely adhering along the lower margin, ovate and subacute to acuminate. The petals are .06 to .18" [1.5 to 4.5 mm] long, ovate to triangular, almost acute to caudate, glabrous, single veined [except B allenkerrii and B bittnerianum which have 3], margins entire to erose to denticulate. There are 4 pollina with the inner ones about half as long as the outer ones.

There are about 38 species in this section from India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Laos and penninsular Malaysia in forests at elevations up to 1200 meters

~SECTION Recurvae [Garay, Hamer & Siegerist] Vermeulen 2014 - See SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

*SECTION Repantia J J Verm. 2001

New shoots develop from beneath the pseudobulb but are not fused to it, the inflorescence arises from beneath the newly developing shoot and carries spirally arranged or imperfectly distichous flowers, the peduncle has 3 to 7 bracts, the rachis is not thickened, the floral bracts are not amplexicaul and the basal node of the pedicel is level with or slightly above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free and 3 to 5 veined, the dorsal is .16 to .44" [4 to 11 mm] long, elliptic to ovate and acute, the laterals are 1 to 1.5 times larger than the dorsal, and elliptic to triangular in shape. There are 4 pollina with the inner ones more than 1/2 as long as the outer ones.

There are 6 species in this section from India, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Laos, in forests at elevations up to 2800 meters

*SECTION Rhinanthera J J Verm 2014

New shoots develop from beneath the pseudobulb but are not fused to it, the inflorescence arises from beneath the newly developing shoot and carries spirally arranged flowers. The peduncle has 4 to 10 bracts, the rachis is not thickened, the floral bracts are amplexicaul and the basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bract. The sepals are free, with the lateral sepals equally as long or shorter than the dorsal. The mobile, undivided or subtrilobed lip is on a thin ligament and is ovate to oblong, or divided in a wide, ovate, basal part and a drawn out, narrow, oblong to ovate apical part. The column foot is not widened towards the apex but has a dorsal tooth at the apex. The anther abaxially with a low rounded crest the anterior surface is concave and the anterior margin is distinctly drawn out into an elliptic to triangular beak [backwardly curved in B tahanense] and there are 4 pollina with the inner ones shorter than the outer.

There are about 5 species in this section from penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java in forests at elevations up to 2100 meters

~*SECTION Rhytionanthos [Garay, Hamer & Siegerist] J J Verm, Schuit & De Vogel 2014 - See SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

New shoots develop from beneath the pseudobulb but are not fused to it, the solitary inflorescence arise from beneath the pseudobulb and carries 2 to many, spirally arranged flowers. B paraemarginatum and B rheedei both have single flowers. The peduncle has 3 to 5 bracts. The rachis is thickened or not, and carries resupinate, simultaneously opening flowers and the basal node of the pedicel is slightly above the attachment of the floral bracts. The dorsal sepal is free, the laterals are free or adherent or connate along the upper margins and sometimes along the lower margins and 2 to 5 times as long [except B boninense which is only slightly longer]. The stigma is not proximally protruding, The anterior margin of the anther is drawn out into a rounded beak and there are 4 pollina, the inner ones more than 1/2 as long as the outer ones.

This section differs from SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f. in having erose to denticulate petal margins and the margins of the median sepal are entire to erose.

This section has 16 species occuring in forests at elevations up to 1500 meters in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, China, Myanmar. Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines

~SECTION Rhizocaulon Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

*SECTION Saurocephalum J J Verm 2014

These orchids have creeping, erect to pendent rhizomes with the shoots developing from nodes beneath the pseudobulbs but not fused to them and have glabrous to papillose bracts. They give rise to distinct pseudobulbs carrying a single, persistent, thick, inconspicuously veined leaf that blooms on an erect, arising from the nodes beneath the pseudobulb, peduncle with 3 to 5 bracts, rachis distinctly thickened or not, elongate, racemose, many flowered inflorescence with non amplexicaul floral bracts and the basal node of the pedicel is level with the attachment of the floral bract and carrying spirally arranged, resupinate, simultaneously opening flowers. The sepals are free, the dorsal ovate, obovate to elliptic, deeply hooded towards the apex, rounded to obtuse, [B hastiferum is apiculate], 3 veined, margins entire, glabrous to papillose to ciliate, the abaxial side glabrous to papillose to pubescent, the lateral sepals the same but partially or fully adherent to connate along the lower margins, ovate to triangular, flat towards the apex, obtuse to acute and 3 to 4 veined. The petals are 1 veined. The stelida are 1/2 the length of the column or shorter, elliptic, oblong to wedge shaped to sub-triangular, distinctly sigmoid near the apex, the upper margin with a wing, that is larger than the stelida. There are 4 pollina with the inner ones almost as long as the outer ones.

This section has 16 species occuring in forests at elevations up to 1200 meters Sulawesi and the Philippines

~SECTION Scaphochilus Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

*SECTION Schistopetalum Schlechter 1913

Charcterized by growing on mossless tree trunks with a downward creeping rhizome which give rise to at brief intervals, short, more or less angular pseudobulbs carrying a longer, single leaf. The short inflorescence are single flowered and they resemble flowers within Peltopus but with larger split petals [with one exception B hassalii] into 5 to 9 segments at the top. The basal node of the pedicel is above the attachment of the floral bract. The lip has two rounded auricles at the base and the column has long sublate stelida with a rather long column foot.

There are 10 species in this section occuring in New Guinea and eastward to Samoa

~ SECTION Scyphochilus - See SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

~SECTION Scyphosepalum Schltr. 1913 - See SECTION Monanthaparva Ridl. 1896

SECTION Serpenticaulis

There is a single species in this section B wolfei from Queenslandd Australia

*SECTION Sestochilos (Brada) Benth.

Characterized with distinct pseudobulbs giving rise to a single flowered inflorescence with amplexicaul floral bracts that may be tubular at the base only with free, equally long, obtuse to acuminate, margins entire, glabrous, 5 to 14 veined sepals and obtuse to acuminate, margins entire, glabrous, 5 to 12 veined petals with a mobile lip on a thin ligament, usually undivided, elliptic or oblong to obovate to triangular, or with a wide, triangular, hastate to cordate basal part and a narrow drawn out apical part, adaxially more or less concave near the base, sometimes with 2 converging ridges, adaxial surface glabrous, sometimes partly hirsute, abaxial surface glabrous, and has a stigma with 3 inner keels and a tapering towards the apex or not, and without teeth and carries 4 pollina.

SECTION Sestochilos differs from SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889 in the base of the pedicel which is more than 1 times its diameter distant from the floral bract attachment.

There are 28 or so species in this section occuring in forests at elevations up to 2800 meters in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and eastward to the Solomon Islands.

~SECTION Sphaeracron Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Oxysepala Benthaham & J D Hook.f. 1883

*SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

Characterized by the minute pseudobulbs and the inflorescence arising from beneath the pseudobulb or from the rhizome and carrying resupinate, successive or simultaneously opening, white, yellowish, greenish to orange flowers without the slightest touch of purple [except B odoratum]. The basal node of the pedicel is level with the attachment of the floral bract. There are 2 pollina but, if there are 4, the inner ones are shorter than the outer ones [B ionophyllum and B sopoetanense] and can be with or without a single stipe.

There are about 66 species in this section occuring in forests up to 2500 meters in elevations in India, China, Taiwan, eastward to the western Pacific, Thailand, penninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines and Sulawesi.

~SECTION Stathmocaulos Schlechter 1911 - SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

~ SECTION Stenochilus J.J. Sm. 1914 - See SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

~SECTION Stictosepalum Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

~SECTION Sunipia [Lindley] J J Verm, Pridgeon etal 2014 - See SECTION Ione [Lindley] J J Verm Schuit & de Vogel 2014

*`SECTION Tapeinoglossum [Schlechter] J J Sm. 1916

~SECTION Trachychilus Schlechter 1913- See - See SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

~ SECTION Trachyrachis Schlechter 1913 - See SECTION Lepanthanthe Schlechter 1913

*`SECTION Trias [Lindl.] J J Verm, Schuit & de Vogel 2014

Characterized by the creeping rhizome giving rise to shoots arising from nodes beneath the distinct pseudobulbs, not fused to them, and carrying a single, apical, persistent, thick leaf that blooms on nodes beneath the pseudobulbs, a solitary to few fasciculate, single flowered inflorescence with 2 to 3 bracts and tubular floral bracts. The basal node of the pedicel is level with the attachment of the floral bract or not. The resupinate flowers have free, equal sepals with the dorsal having 3 to 7 veins and the laterals have 5 to 9 veins. The petals have 1 to 3 veins. The undivided to auriculate, mobile lip is on a thin ligament and the column has the rostellum anterior suface receding in betweeen the stelida, which is half the length of the column or shorter, and deltoid to triangular in shape. There are 4 pollina with the innermost more than half as long as the outer ones.

This section has 13 species occuring in forests at elevations up to 650 meters in India, Myanmar and Thailand

~ SECTION Trichopus Schlechter 1924 - See SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

SECTION Tripudianthes Seidenfaden

The dorsal sepal is free and has 7 to 9 veins, the laterals are 1.1 to 1.2 times longer than the dorsal and are connate along the lower margins. The petals have 5 veins and the distal margin is fimbriate, The mobile lip is on a thin ligament and is undivided. The column has the stigma proximally not protruding. The stelida are less than 1/2 the length of the column and the lower margin has an inconspiculous wing. The anterior surface of the anther is hardly concave and is not drawn out. There are 4 pollina.

CAUTION The species in this section are now in another section, as to what one, I await the research

~ SECTION Umbellatae Bentham 1883 - See SECTION Brachyantha Rchb.f 1861

*`SECTION Uncifera Schlechter 1913 Characterized by having racemose, several to many flowered inflorescence. The column and lip are fused over a large surface of the fused area which is small, or consists of a thin ligament only. The most characteristic feature of this section is the presence of a transverse ridge near the base of the lip, with its proximal face pressed to the face of the column foot.

There are 8 species in this section occuring in forests at elevations up to 2800 meters in New Guinea, the western Pacific islands and Australia

SECTION Vesicisepalum

CAUTION !!!!!!This section is no longer valid but as to what section these species may be within I do not know,,,,, I await more references!

* SECTION Xiphizusa Rchb.f. 1852

This section is made up of epiphytes and lithophtes with membraneous, evanescent floral bracts and pseudobulbs carrying 2, apical, coriaceous leaves that blooms on a synanthous, erect to apically drooping to 145 degrees, racemose inflorescence carrying distichously arranged, resupinate flowers with united sepals forming a synsepal and erect petals, The steliad area bidentate and the anther is without a protrusion overtopping the anterior margin.

There are 23 epiphytic and occasional lithophytic species in forests and secondary vegetation at elevations up to 200 meters in Jamaica, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru.

1. Bulbophyllum abbreviatum Schlechter 1924

   SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

   NO PHOTO!

   

   Bulbophyllum abbreviatum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. ex Seidenf. 1973 - See Bulbophyllum trigonopus Rchb. f. 1881

2. Bulbophyllum abbrevilabium Carr 1932

   SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

   

   ~ Bulbophyllum aberrans Schltr. 1911 - See Bulbophyllum dischidiifolium J.J.Sm. 1909

3. Bulbophyllum absconditum J.J. Sm 1905

   SECTION Pelma [Finet] Schlechter 1913

   TYPE for the section

   LATER

   ~Bulbophyllum absconditum subsp. hastula J.J.Verm. 1993 - See Bulbophyllum absconditum J.J. Sm 1905

   ~Bulbophyllum absconditum var. gautierense J.J.Sm. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum stipulaceum Schltr. 1905

   ~Bulbophyllum absconditum var. neoguineense J.J.Sm. 1909 - See Bulbophyllum stipulaceum Schltr. 1905

4. Bulbophyllum acanthoglossum Schltr. 1913

   SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

   LATE EARLY

5. Bulbophyllum acropogon Schltr. 1913

   SECTION Papulipetalum Schlechter 1913

   

   ~Bulbophyllum acuminatifolium J.J.Sm.1933 - See Bulbophyllum perpendiculare Schltr. 1911

6. Bulbophyllum acuminatum [Ridl.] Ridl. 1907

   SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

   To LATE

   ~Bulbophyllum acuminatum Schltr. 1913 - See Bulbophyllum andreeae A.D.Hawkes 1956

7. Bulbophyllum acutebracteatum De Wild.1921

   SECTION Oreonastes G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep

   to

   ~Bulbophyllum acutebracteatum var. rubrobrunneopapillosum (De Wild.) J.J.Verm. 1986 - See Bulbophyllum acutibracteatum De Wild.1921

   ~Bulbophyllum acutibrachium J.J.Sm. 1929 - See Bulbophyllum cylindrobulbum Schltr. 1905

8. Bulbophyllum acutiflorum A.Rich. 1841

   SECTION Brachyantha Rchb.f 1861

   THROUGH

9. Bulbophyllum acutilingue J.J.Sm. 1908

   SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

   

10. Bulbophyllum acutilobum J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

    SECTION Monanthaparva Ridl. 1896

    

    ~Bulbophyllum acutisepalum De Wild. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum schimperianum Kraenzl. 1902

    ~Bulbophyllum acutum J.J.Sm. 1905 - See Bulbophyllum depressum King & Pantl. 1897

11. Bulbophyllum adangense Seidenf. 1979

    SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

    

12. Bulbophyllum adelphidium J.J.Verm. 1993

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    LATE

13. Bulbophyllum adenambon Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

    

14. Bulbophyllum adenoblepharon Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

    LATE

    ~Bulbophyllum adenocarpum Schltr. 1910 - See Bulbophyllum lageniforme F.M.Bailey 1904

    ~Bulbophyllum adenopetalum Lindl. 1842 - See Bulbophyllum flavescens (Blume) Lindl. 1830

    ~Bulbophyllum adenophorum [Schlechter]J.J.Sm. 1912 - See Bulbophyllum brienianum [Rolfe] J.J.Sm. 1912

15. Bulbophyllum adiamantinum Brade 1951

    SECTION Micranthae Barb Rodr. 1882

    LATE

16. Bulbophyllum adjungens Seidenf. 1979

    SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

    

17. Bulbophyllum adolinae Schuit., Wanma, Mambor & Heatubun 2018

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    LATE

    ~Bulbophyllum adpressiscapum J.J.Sm. 1915 - See Bulbophyllum ochroleucum Schltr. 1905

18. Bulbophyllum aechmophorum J.J.Verm. 1993

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    

19. Bulbophyllum aemulum Schltr. 1905

    SECTION Hymenobractea Schlechter 1913

    

20. Bulbophyllum aeolium Ames 1914

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    

    ~Bulbophyllum aeolium subs padansense J J Verm, P O'Byrne and Lamb 2015 - See Bulbophyllum aeolium Ames 1914

21. Bulbophyllum aestivale Ames 1915

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    

22. Bulbophyllum affine Lindley 1832

    SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

    To LATEEARLY

    ~Bulbophyllum affinoides Guillaumin 1958 - See Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum Rchb. f. 1863

    ~Bulbophyllum africanum A.D.Hawkes 1956 - See Bulbophyllum nigritianum Rendle 1913

23. Bulbophyllum afzelii Schltr. 1918

    SECTION Lichenophylax Schlechter 1924

    

    ~Bulbophyllum afzelii var. microdoron (Schltr.) Bosser 1965 - See Bulbophyllum afzelii Schltr. 1918

24. Bulbophyllum agapethoides Schltr. 1911

    SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

    

25. Bulbophyllum agastor Garay, Hamer and Siegrist 1996

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    

26. Bulbophyllum aggregatum Bosser 1965

    SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

    toto MID

27. Bulbophyllum aithorhachis J.J.Verm 1996

    SECTION Hirtula Ridley 1908

    

    ~Bulbophyllum alabastraceum P.Royen 1979 - See Bulbophyllum citrellum Ridl. 1916

    ~Bulbophyllum alagense Ames 1907 - See Bulbophyllum nanopetalum Seidenf. 1979

28. Bulbophyllum alagense Ames 1907

    SECTION Minutissima Pfitzer 1888

    TO

29. Bulbophyllum alatum J.J.Verm. 1991

    SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

    

30. Bulbophyllum albibracteum Seidenf. 1979

    SECTION Lemniscata Pfitz 1889

    

31. Bulbophyllum albidostylidium Seidenf. 1995

    To LATE EARLY

    ~Bulbophyllum albidum (Wight) Hook.f. 1890 - See Bulbophyllum acutiflorum A.Rich. 1841

    ~Bulbophyllum albidum De Wild. 1921 - See Bulbophyllum nigritianum Rendle 1913

32. Bulbophyllum alboaligerum Cootes, Cabactulan, M.Leon & R.B.Pimentel 2018

    SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

    

33. Bulbophyllum albociliatum (Tang S.Liu & H.Y.Su) K.Nakaj 1973

    SECTION Cirrhopetaloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994

    

    ~Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. brevipedunculatum [Hsu & Ching] Lin 2014 - See Bulbophyllum albociliatum (Tang S.Liu & H.Y.Su) K.Nakaj 1973

    ~Bulbophyllum albociliatum var. weiminianum T.P.Lin & Kuo Huang 2005 - See Bulbophyllum albociliatum (Tang S.Liu & H.Y.Su) K.Nakaj 1973

    ~Bulbophyllum album Jum. & H.Perrier 1912 - See Bulbophyllum humblotii Rolfe 1891

34. Bulbophyllum alcicorne C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. 1874

    SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

    LATE

35. Bulbophyllum alexandrae Schltr. 1925

    SECTION Kinethrix Schlechter 1910

    

36. Bulbophyllum algidum Ridl. 1916

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    LATE EARLY

37. Bulbophyllum alinae Szlach. 2001

    SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

    

38. Bulbophyllum alkmaarense J.J. Sm. 1911

    SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

    

39. Bulbophyllum allenkerrii Seidenf. 1979

    SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr 1883

    

40. Bulbophyllum alleizettei Schltr. 1922

    SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

    MID and Again MID

41. Bulbophyllum alliifolium J.J.Sm. 1905

    SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

    LATER

42. Bulbophyllum allotrion J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

    SECTION Lepidorhiza Schlechter 1911

    

    ~Bulbophyllum alopecurus Rchb.f. 1880 - See Bulbophyllum triste Rchb. f. 1861

43. Bulbophyllum alpinum (P.Royen) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

    SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

    LATE EARLY

44. Bulbophyllum alsiosum Ames 1912

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    To

45. Bulbophyllum alticaule Ridl. 1916

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    

46. Bulbophyllum alticola Schltr. 1912

    SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

    

    ~Bulbophyllum altispex Ridl. 1894 - See Bulbophyllum mutabile [Bl.] Lindl. 1830

47. Bulbophyllum alveatum J.J.Verm. 1993

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    

    ~Bulbophyllum amanicum Kraenzl. 1914 - See Bulbophyllum josephi (Kuntze) Summerh. 1945

48. Bulbophyllum amauroloma J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    LATER

    ~Bulbophyllum amauryae Rendle 1913 - See Bulbophyllum intertextum Lindl. 1862

49. Bulbophyllum ambatoavense Bosser 2004

    SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

    

50. Bulbophyllum amblyacron Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    LATE EARLY

51. Bulbophyllum amblyanthum Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

    LATE EARLY

    ~Bulbophyllum amblyoglossum Schltr. 1911 - See Bulbophyllum ovalifolium [Bl] Lindl. 1830

    ~Bulbophyllum ambohitrense H.Perrier 1937 - See Bulbophyllum nutans (Thouars) Thouars 1822

    ~Bulbophyllum ambongense Schltr. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum rubrum Jum. & H.Perrier 1912

    ~Bulbophyllum ambreae H.Perrier 1938 - See Bulbophyllum septatum Schltr. 1924

52. Bulbophyllum ambrosia [Hance] Schlechter 1919

    SECTION Leopardinae Bentham 1883

    To

    ~Bulbophyllum ambrosia subsp nepalense Wood 1986 - See Bulbophyllum ambrosia[Hance] Schlechter 1919

    ~Bulbophyllum amesianum [Rolfe]J.J.Sm. 1912 - See Bulbophyllum cummingii [Lindl.]Rchb.f 1861

53. Bulbophyllum amoenum Bosser 1965

    LATE EARLY

54. Bulbophyllum amphorimorphum H.Perrier 1951

    SECTION Elasmotopus Schlechter 1925

    LATE

55. Bulbophyllum amplebracteatum Teijsm. & Binn. 1862

    SECTION Lepidorhiza Schlechter 1911

    TYPE for the SECTION

    To THROUGH

    ~Bulbophyllum amplebracteatum subsp carunculatum [Garay, Hamer & Siegerist] Verm & O'Byrne 2011 - See Bulbophyllum carunculatum Garay, Hamer, & Siegrist 1994

    ~Bulbophyllum amplebracteatum subsp orthoglossum [H Wendl. & Kraenzl.] Verm & O'Byrne 2011 - See Bulbophyllum orthoglossum H.Wendl. & Krzl. 1896

56. Bulbophyllum amplifolium (Rolfe) N.P.Balakr. & Sud.Chowdhury 1968

    SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

    

    ~Bulbophyllum amplum (Lindl.) Rchb.f 1861 - See Epigeneium amplum [Lindley]Summerh. 1830

57. Bulbophyllum anaclastum J.J.Verm. 1993

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    LATE

58. Bulbophyllum anakbaruppui J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2003

    SECTION Saurocephalum J J Verm 2014

    

59. Bulbophyllum analamazoatrae Schltr. 1924

    SECTION Elasmotopus Schlechter 1925

    To

60. Bulbophyllum anascaputum Cootes, Cabactulan, Pimentel & M.Leon 2017

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    LATE

61. Bulbophyllum anceps Rolfe 1892

    SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

    

62. Bulbophyllum andersonii (Hook. f.) J.J. Sm. 1912

    SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

    To

    ~Bulbophyllum andersonii Kurz 1870 - See Bulbophyllum lepidum [Bl.]J.J.Sm. 1825

    ~Bulbophyllum andongense Rchb.f 1865 - See Bulbophyllum cocoinum Bateman ex Lindl. 1837

    ~Bulbophyllum andrangense H.Perrier 1939 - See Bulbophyllum francoisii H.Perrier 1937

63. Bulbophyllum andreeae A.D.Hawkes 1956

    SECTION Intervallatae Ridley 1897

    

    ~Bulbophyllum andringitranum Schltr. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum nutans (Thouars) Thouars 1822

    ~Bulbophyllum angiense J.J.Sm. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum cylindrobulbum Schltr. 1905

    ~Bulbophyllum anguipes Schltr. 1911 - See Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. 1890

    ~Bulbophyllum angulatum J.J.Sm. 1908 - See Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume) Lindl. 1830

64. Bulbophyllum anguliferum Ames & C. Schweinf. 1920

    SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

    

65. Bulbophyllum anguste-ellipticum Seidenf. 1981

    SECTION Hirtula Ridley 1908

    To

66. Bulbophyllum angusteovatum Seidenf. 1979

    SECTION Oxysepala Bentham & J D Hook.f. 1883

    

67. Bulbophyllum angustifolium (Blume) Lindl. 1830

    SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

    

    ~Bulbophyllum angustifolium var. parvum J.J.Sm. 1907 - See Bulbophyllum smithianum Schltr. 1911

68. Bulbophyllum angustipetalum (Seidenf.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

    SECTION Ione [Lindley] J J Verm Schuit & de Vogel 2014

    LATE EARLY

69. Bulbophyllum anisopterum J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2003

    SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

    LATE LATE EARLY

70. Bulbophyllum anjae J.J.Verm. & de Vogel 2014

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    LATER

71. Bulbophyllum anjozorobeense Bosser 2000

    SECTION Kinethrix Schlechter 1910

    

72. Bulbophyllum ankaizinense (Jum. & H. Perrier) Schltr. 1924

    SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

    To EARLY

73. Bulbophyllum ankaratranum Schltr. 1924

    SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

    THROUGH

74. Bulbophyllum ankerae J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

    SECTION Minutissima Pfitzer 1888

    

75. Bulbophyllum ankylochele J.J.Verm. 1993

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    

76. Bulbophyllum ankylodon J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

    SECTION Saurocephalum J J Verm 2014

    

77. Bulbophyllum ankylorhinon J.J.Verm. 1992

    SECTION Pelma [Finet] Schlechter 1913

    and

78. Bulbophyllum annamense (Garay) Sieder & Kiehn 2009

    SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

    

79. Bulbophyllum annandalei Ridl. 1920

    SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

    To

    ~Bulbophyllum annandalei Ridl. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum annandalei Ridl. 1920

    ~Bulbophyllum annamicum (Finet) T.B.Nguyen & D.H.Duong 1984 - See Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindley 1830

80. Bulbophyllum antennatum Schltr. 1905

    SECTION Lepanthanthe Schlechter 1913

    LATE EARLY

81. Bulbophyllum antenniferum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. in W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 248 1861

    SECTION Hyalosema Schlechter 1911

    To

    ~Bulbophyllum antenniferum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 250 1861 - See Bulbophyllum geraense Rchb.f. 1864

82. Bulbophyllum antheae (J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

    SECTION Trias [Lindl.] J J Verm, Schuit & de Vogel 2014

    

83. Bulbophyllum antioquiense Kraenzl. 1899

    SECTION Didactyle [Lindley] Cogn. 1902

    

84. Bulbophyllum apertum Schlechter 1906

    SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

    

    ~Bulbophyllum apetalum Lindl. 1862 - See Genyorchis apetala [Lindley] Senghas 1989

85. Bulbophyllum aphanopetalum Schltr. 1906

    SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

    LATE

86. Bulbophyllum apheles J.J.Verm. 1991

    SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

    

87. Bulbophyllum apiculatum Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913

    LATER

88. Bulbophyllum apiferum Carr 1930

    SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

    TO

89. Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. 1890

    SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

    

    ~ Bulbophyllum apodum var. lanceolatum Ridl. 1917 - See Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. 1890

90. Bulbophyllum apoense Schuit. & de Vogel 2003

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    

91. Bulbophyllum appendiculatum [Rolfe] J.J.Sm. 1915

    SECTION Cirrhopetaloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994

    UNPLESANT TO

92. Bulbophyllum appressum Schltr. 1913

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    

93. Bulbophyllum aquinoi (Cootes, M.Leon & Naive) J.M.H.Shaw 2017

    SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f. 1883

    LATER

94. Bulbophyllum arcaniflorum Ridl. 1916

    SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

    

    ~Bulbophyllum arachnidium Ridl. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum longirostre Schltr. 1913

95. Bulbophyllum arachnites Ridl. 1909

    SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

    

    ~Bulbophyllum arachnoideum Schltr. 1913 - See Bulbophyllum linearilabium J.J.Sm. 1912

96. Bulbophyllum araiophyllum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

    SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

    

    ~Bulbophyllum araniferum Ridl. 1914 - See Bulbophyllum stormii J.J. Sm. 1907

97. Bulbophyllum arcuatilabium Aver. 1999

    SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

    LATER

    ~Bulbophyllum arcuatum Schltr. 1921 - See Bulbophyllum chloranthum Schltr. 1905

98. Bulbophyllum ardjunense J.J.Sm. 1927

    SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

    

99. Bulbophyllum arfakense J.J.Sm. 1917

    SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

    LATE

100. Bulbophyllum arfakianum Kraenzl. 1904

     SECTION Hyalosema Schlechter 1911

     LATE and EARLY and LATE TO EARLY

101. Bulbophyllum argoxanthum J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Pelma [Finet] Schlechter 1913

     

102. Bulbophyllum argyropus (Endl.) Rchb.f. 1876

     SECTION Adelopetalum [Fitz] J.J. Verm. 1993

     MID THROUGH

     ~Bulbophyllum ariel Ridl. 1917 - See Bulbophyllum ovalifolium [Bl] Lindl. 1830

103. Bulbophyllum aristatum (Rchb.f.) Hemsl. 1884

     SECTION Bulbophyllaria [Rchb.f] Griseb. 1864

     

104. Bulbophyllum aristilabre J.J. Sm. 1912

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     

105. Bulbophyllum armeniacum J.J.Sm. 1917

     SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

     FAINT

106. Bulbophyllum arminii Sieder & Kiehn 2009

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     

     ~Bulbophyllum arnoldianum (De Wild.) De Wild. 1921 - See Bulbophyllum falcatum [Lindley]Rchb.f 1861

107. Bulbophyllum arrectum Kraenzl. 1921

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     

108. Bulbophyllum arsoanum J.J.Sm. 1912

     SECTION Papulipetalum Schlechter 1913

     

109. Bulbophyllum artostigma J.J.Verm. 1993

     SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

     

110. Bulbophyllum artvogelii J.J.Verm., P.O'Byrne & A.L.Lamb 2015

     SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

     

111. Bulbophyllum aschemon J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2008

     SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

     LATE EARLY

112. Bulbophyllum ascochiloides J.J.Sm. 1927

     SECTION Monanthaparva Ridl. 1896

     

113. Bulbophyllum ascochilum J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

114. Bulbophyllum aspersum J.J.Sm. 1912

     SECTION Papulipetalum Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum asperulum J.J. Sm. 1909 - See Bulbophyllum trigonopus Rchb. f. 1881

115. Bulbophyllum astelidum Aver. 1994

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     LATE

116. Bulbophyllum atratum J.J.Sm. 1917

     SECTION Hirtula Ridley 1908

     

117. Bulbophyllum atropurpureum Barb. Rodr. 1877

     SECTION Napellii Rchb.f 1861

     

118. Bulbophyllum atrorubens Schltr. 1906

     SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

     LATE LATE EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum atroviolaceum Schlechter ? - See Bulbophyllum betchei F. Muell. 1888

119. Bulbophyllum atroviride J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

120. Bulbophyllum attenuatum Rolfe 1896

     SECTION Intervallatae Ridley 1897

     TYPE for the section

     EARLY TO

121. Bulbophyllum aubrevillei Bosser 1965

     SECTION Elasmotopus Schlechter 1925

     LATER

     ~Bulbophyllum aurantiacum F. Muell. 1862 - See Bulbophyllum schillerianum Rchb.f. 1860

     ~Bulbophyllum aurantiacum var. wattsii F.M.Bailey 1913 - See Bulbophyllum schillerianum Rchb.f. 1860

     ~Bulbophyllum aurantiacum var. wuttsii F.M.Bailey 1913 - See Bulbophyllum schillerianum Rchb.f. 1860

122. Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1861

     SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

     EARLY

123. Bulbophyllum aureoapex Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

124. Bulbophyllum aureobrunneum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     and

     ~ Bulbophyllum aureolabellum T.P. Lin 1975 - See Bulbophyllum drymoglossum Maxim. 1887

125. Bulbophyllum aureum (Hook. f.) J.J. Sm. 1912

     SECTION Brachyantha Rchb.f 1861

     To

126. Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. 1830

     SECTION Lemniscata Pfitz 1889

     LATE EARLY

127. Bulbophyllum auriculatum J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2003

     SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

     

128. Bulbophyllum auriflorum H.Perrier 1937

     SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

     LATE EARLIER

129. Bulbophyllum auritum J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

     SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

     

130. Bulbophyllum auroreum J.J.Sm. 1928

     SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

     

131. Bulbophyllum australe (Seidenf.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Ione [Lindley] J J Verm Schuit & de Vogel 2014

     

     ~Bulbophyllum autumnale (Fukuy.) S.S. Ying 1974 - See Bulbophyllum macraei (Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1861

132. Bulbophyllum averyanovii Seidenf. 1992

     SECTION Lemniscata Pfitz 1889

     

     ~Bulbophyllum avicellum Ridl. 1897 - See Bulbophyllum membranaceum Teijsm. & Binn. 1854

133. Bulbophyllum ayuthayense J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Drymoda (Lindl.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     LATE

134. Bulbophyllum bacilliferum J.J.Sm. 1928

     SECTION Pelma [Finet] Schlechter 1913

     

135. Bulbophyllum baculiferum Ridl. 1916

     SECTION Lepanthanthe Schlechter 1913

     

     ~Bulbophyllum badium Ridl. 1917 - See Bulbophyllum membranifolium Hook. f. 1896

136. Bulbophyllum baileyi F Muell. 1875

     SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

     To

137. Bulbophyllum bakhuizenii Steenis in A.Hamzah & M.Toha 1972

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     

138. Bulbophyllum bakoense J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2008

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bakossorum Schltr. 1905 - See Bulbophyllum falcatum [Lindley]Rchb.f 1861

139. Bulbophyllum baladeanum J.J.Sm. 1912

     SECTION Hoplandra Verm 2008

     

140. Bulbophyllum balaeniceps Rchb.f. 1863

     SECTION Balaenoidea Pfitz 1888

     TYPE for the section

     

     ~Bulbophyllum balapiuense J.J.Sm. 1917 - See Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f. 1890

     ~Bulbophyllum balfourianum auct. 1915 - See Bulbophyllum macrobulbum J.J. Sm. 1910

141. Bulbophyllum balgooiji J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

     LATE EARLIER

142. Bulbophyllum ballii P.J.Cribb 1977

     SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

     LATE

     ~Bulbophyllum bambiliense De Wild. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum scaberulum (Rolfe) Bolus 1889

     ~Bulbophyllum bambusifolium J.J.Sm. 1935 - See Bulbophyllum piestobulbon Schltr. 1923

143. Bulbophyllum bandischii Garay, Hamer, Siegerist 1992

     SECTION Hyalosema Schlechter 1911

     to

144. Bulbophyllum bantaengense (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2011

     SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

     

145. Bulbophyllum barbasapientis J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

     SECTION Schistopetalum Schlechter 1913 >

     LATE and again

146. Bulbophyllum barbatum Barb.Rodr. 1881

     SECTION Napellii Rchb.f 1861

     

147. Bulbophyllum barbavagabundum J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Schistopetalum Schlechter 1913

     

     ~Bulbophyllum barbellatum Schltr. 1913 - See Bulbophyllum toranum J.J.Sm. 1912

148. Bulbophyllum barbigerum Lindley 1837

     SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

     TYPE for the section

     TO EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum barbilabium Schltr. 1913 - See Bulbophyllum bulliferum J.J.Sm. 1908

149. Bulbophyllum bariense Gagnep. 1930

     SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr 1883

     

150. Bulbophyllum baronii Ridl. 1885

     SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

     To

     ~Bulbophyllum barrinum Ridl. 1912 - See Bulbophyllum flavescens (Blume) Lindl. 1830

151. Bulbophyllum basisetum J.J. Sm. 1929

     SECTION Lepidorhiza Schlechter 1911

     

152. Bulbophyllum bataanense Ames 1905

     SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883 - See also Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindley 1847

     

153. Bulbophyllum bathieanum Schltr. 1916

     SECTION Alcistachys Schlechter 1924

     LATER

     ~Bulbophyllum batukauense J.J.Sm. 1927 - See Bulbophyllum puntjakense J.J.Sm. 1907

     ~Bulbophyllum baucoense Ames 1915 - See Bulbophyllum weberi Ames 1912

154. Bulbophyllum bavonis J.J.Verm. 1984

     SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

     LATE

155. Bulbophyllum beccarii Rchb. f. 1879

     SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

     TYPE for the section

     To to

     ~Bulbophyllum befaonense Schltr. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum sarcorhachis Schltr. 1918

     ~Bulbophyllum belliae J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2008 - See Bulbophyllum tristriatum Carr 1930

156. Bulbophyllum belonaeglossum J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2008

     SECTION Oxysepala Bentham & J D Hook.f. 1883

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bequaertii De Wildeman 1921 - See Bulbophyllum cochleatum Lindl. 1862

157. Bulbophyllum betchei F. Muell. 1888

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     MOSTLY THROUGH

158. Bulbophyllum biantennatum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Hyalosema Schlechter 1911

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bibundiense Schltr. 1906 - See Bulbophyllum sandersonii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. 1878

159. Bulbophyllum bicarinatum J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2013

     SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

     

160. Bulbophyllum bicaudatum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

     

161. Bulbophyllum bicolor Lindl.1830

     SECTION Cirrhopetaloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bicolor var. funingense (Z.H. Tsi et H.C. Chen) Aver 2016 - See Bulbophyllum funingense Z.H.Tsi & H.C.Chen 1981

     ~Bulbophyllum bicolor [Lindley] Hkr.f 1890 - See Bulbophyllum roseopictum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014;

     ~Bulbophyllum bicolor Jum. & H.Perrier 1912 - See Bulbophyllum bicoloratum Schltr. 1924

162. Bulbophyllum bicoloratum Schltr. 1924

     SECTION Lupulina G A Fischer in prep

     TO

     ~Bulbophyllum bicornutum Schltr. 1923 - See Bulbophyllum posticum J.J.Sm.1911

163. Bulbophyllum bidentatum (Barb.Rodr.) Cogn. 1902

     SECTION Xiphizusa Rchb.f. 1852

     

164. Bulbophyllum bidenticulatum J.J.Verm. 1984

     SECTION Bifarium G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep.

     to

     ~Bulbophyllum bidi Govaerts 1996 - See Bulbophyllum unguiculatum Rchb.f. 1850

165. Bulbophyllum bifarium Hook.f. 1864

     SECTION Bifarium G A Fischer & J J Verm in prep.

     TYPE for the section

     

166. Bulbophyllum biflorum Teijsm. & Binn. 1854

     SECTION Biflorae Garay, Hamer, & Siegrist 1994

     TYPE for the section

     To

167. Bulbophyllum bifurcatoflorens (Fukuy.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Ione [Lindley] J J Verm Schuit & de Vogel 2014

     

168. Bulbophyllum bigibbosum J.J.Sm. 1913

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

169. Bulbophyllum bigibbum Schltr. 1923

     SECTION Uncifera Schlechter 1912

     

170. Bulbophyllum bilobipetalum J.J.Sm. 1927

     SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

     

     ~Bulbophyllum binnendijkii J.J. Sm. 1905 - See Bulbophyllum ericssonii Kraenzl. 1893

171. Bulbophyllum birmense Schlechter 1910

     

     ~Bulbophyllum birugatum J.J.Sm. 1917 - See Bulbophyllum myrtillus Schltr. 1913

172. Bulbophyllum bisepalum Schltr. 1905

     SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

     

173. Bulbophyllum biserratum J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     

174. Bulbophyllum biseriale Carr 1930

     SECTION Macrocaulia (Bl.) Aver 1994

     

175. Bulbophyllum bisetoides Seidenf. 1970

     SECTION Biseta J.J.Verm. ex N.Pearce , P.J.Cribb & Renz 2001

     

176. Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl. 1842

     SECTION Biseta J.J.Verm. ex N.Pearce , P.J.Cribb & Renz 2001

     TYPE for the section

     EARLY

177. Bulbophyllum bismarckense Schltr. 1905

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     LATE

178. Bulbophyllum bittnerianum Schlechter 1910

     SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr 1883

     LATE TO EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum bivalve J.J.Sm. 1926 - See Bulbophyllum linearilabium J.J.Sm. 1912

179. Bulbophyllum blaoense Tich & Diep ex Aver. & Tich 2015

     SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

     EARLIER

     ~Bulbophyllum blepharadenium Schltr. 1919 - See Bulbophyllum minutipetalum Schltr 1913

180. Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb.f 1872

     SECTION Blepharistes J.J.Verm. , Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     TYPE for the section

     To LATE To

181. Bulbophyllum blepharocardium Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

     LATE EARLY

182. Bulbophyllum blepharochilum Garay 1999

     SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

     

183. Bulbophyllum blepharopetalum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum blepharosepalum Schltr. 1906 - See Bulbophyllum limbatum Lindl. 1840

184. Bulbophyllum bliteum J.J.Verm. 1993

     SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

     

     ~Bulbophyllum blumei [Lindley]J.J. Sm. 1905 - See Bulbophyllum maxillare [Lindley]Rchb.f 1861

     ~Bulbophyllum blumei var longicaudatum J.J.Sm. 1911 - See Bulbophyllum longicaudatum J.J. Sm. 1914

     ~Bulbophyllum blumei var pumilum J.J.Sm. 1910 - See Bulbophyllum nasica Schltr. 1913

185. Bulbophyllum bohnkeanum Campacci 2008

     SECTION Napellii Rchb.f 1861

     LATE

186. Bulbophyllum boiteaui H.Perrier 1939

     SECTION Pantoblepharon Schlechter 1925

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bokorense Gagnep. 1950 - See Plocoglottis bokorensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. 1979

     ~Bulbophyllum bolaninum Schltr. 1919 - See Bulbophyllum savaiense Schltr.1911

187. Bulbophyllum bolivianum Schltr. 1922

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bolovense Guill. 1957 - See Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. 1841

188. Bulbophyllum bolsteri Ames 1912

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

189. Bulbophyllum bombycinum J.J.Verm. 2008

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

190. Bulbophyllum bomiense Z.H.Tsi 1978

     SECTION Brachyantha Rchb.f 1861

     

191. Bulbophyllum bonaccordense (C.S.Kumar) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Trias [Lindl.] J J Verm, Schuit & de Vogel 2014

     

192. Bulbophyllum boninense (Schltr.) J.J. Sm. 1912

     SECTION Cirrhopetaloides Garay, Hamer & Siegerist 1994

     

     ~Bulbophyllum boninense Makino 1912 - See Bulbophyllum macraei (Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1861

193. Bulbophyllum bontocense Ames 1912

     LATER

194. Bulbophyllum boonjee B.Gray & D.L.Jones 1984

     SECTION Adelopetalum [Fitz] J.J. Verm. 1993

     MID THROUGH

195. Bulbophyllum boosii J.J.Verm. & Kindler 2015

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     LATER

196. Bulbophyllum bootanense Parish & Rchb. f. 1874

     SECTION Cirrhopetalum [Lindl.] Rchb.f 1861

     ~Bulbophyllum bootanoides (Guillaumin) Seidenf. 1974 - See Bulbophyllum frostii Summerh.1928

     ~Bulbophyllum borneense (Schltr.) J.J. Sm. 1912 - See Bulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.) Ridl. 1861

     ~Bulbophyllum bosseri K.Lemcke 1999 - See Bulbophyllum reflexiflorum H.Perrier 1937

197. Bulbophyllum botryophorum Ridl. 1897

     SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

     Faintly Fetid

198. Bulbophyllum boulbetii Tixier 1966

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     

199. Bulbophyllum bowkettiae F.M.Bailey1884

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     To

     ~Bulbophyllum bowringianum Rchb.f. 1881 - See Bulbophyllum khasyanum Griff. 1851

     ~Bulbophyllum braccatum Rchb.f. 1877 - See Bulbophyllum odoratum (Blume) Lindl. 1830

200. Bulbophyllum brachychilum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Papulipetalum Schlechter 1913

     

201. Bulbophyllum brachygnomon J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2018

     SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913? [tentatively put here along with B gunteri, P pterodon and B trutiniferum as these straddle the boundary of this section and section Polymeres]

     

202. Bulbophyllum brachypetalum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

     

203. Bulbophyllum brachyphyton Schltr. 1918

     SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

     LATE

     ~Bulbophyllum brachypodum A.S.Rao & N.P.Balakr.1969 - See Bulbophyllum yoksunense J.J.Sm.1912

     ~Bulbophyllum brachypodum var. geei Rao & N.P.Balakr. 1969 - See Bulbophyllum emarginatum (Finet) J.J.Sm.1912

     ~Bulbophyllum brachypodum var. parviflorum Rao & N.P.Balakr. 1969 - See Bulbophyllum yoksunense J.J.Sm.1912

204. Bulbophyllum brachypus (Schltr.) J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel 2014

     SECTION Pedilochilus [Schlechter] J J Verm & O'Byrne 2011

     

205. Bulbophyllum brachystachyum Schltr. 1924

     SECTION Bulbophyllum G A Fischer & J J Vermeullen in prep

     MID

206. Bulbophyllum brachytriche J.J.Verm. & P.O'Byrne 2008

     SECTION Epicranthes (Bl.) Hook.f.

     

207. Bulbophyllum bracteatum F.M.Bailey 1891

     SECTION Adelopetalum [Fitz] J.J. Verm. 1993

     To LATE

208. Bulbophyllum bracteolatum Lindl. 1838

     SECTION Bulbophyllaria [Rchb.f] Griseb. 1864

     

     ~Bulbophyllum bracteosum C. Schweinf. 1970 - See Bulbophyllum steyermarkii Foldats 1968

     ~Bulbophyllum bractescens Rolfe ex Kerr 1927 - See Bulbophyllum bittnerianum Schlechter 1910

209. Bulbophyllum brassii J.J.Verm. 1993

     SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

     

     ~Bulbophyllum brastagiense Carr 1933 - See Bulbophyllum crepidiferum J.J.Sm. 1920

210. Bulbophyllum breimerianum J.J.Verm. & A.Vogel 2007

     SECTION Sestochilus [Breda]Benth & Hkr.f 1883

     

211. Bulbophyllum breve Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

212. Bulbophyllum brevibrachiatum (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. 1912

     SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

     

213. Bulbophyllum brevicolumna J.J.Verm. 1991

     SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

     LATER EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum brevidenticulatum De Wildeman 1916 - See Bulbophyllum cocoinum Bateman ex Lindl. 1837

     ~Bulbophyllum breviflorum Ridl. 1894 - See Bulbophyllum unguiculatum Rchb.f. 1850

214. Bulbophyllum brevilabium Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Papulipetalum Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum brevipedunculatum T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung 2008 - See Bulbophyllum albociliatum (Tang S.Liu & H.Y.Su) K.Nakaj 1973

215. Bulbophyllum brevipes Ridl.1903

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     

     ~Bulbophyllum breviscapum (Rolfe) Ridl. 1907 - See Bulbophyllum lasiochilum Parish & Rchb.f 1874

     ~Bulbophyllum breviscapum J.J.Sm. 1910 - See Bulbophyllum desmotrichoides Schltr. 1913

     ~Bulbophyllum breviscapum H. Jiang & D.P. Ye 2010 - See Bulbophyllum retusum H. Jiang, D.P. Ye & J.D. Ya 2021

216. Bulbophyllum brevispicatum Z.H.Tsi & S.C.Chen 1994

     SECTION Racemosae Benth & Hkr.f 1883

     EARLY

217. Bulbophyllum brevistylidium Seidenf. 1979

     SECTION Desmosanthes [Bl.] J.J. Sm. 1933

     To

218. Bulbophyllum brienianum [Rolfe] J.J.Sm. 1912

     SECTION Ephippium Schlechter 1913

     To

     ~Bulbophyllum brixhei De Wild. 1916 - See Bulbophyllum falcatum [Lindley]Rchb.f 1861

     ~Bulbophyllum brookesii Ridl. 1908 - See Bulbophyllum odoratum (Blume) Lindl. 1830

     ~Bulbophyllum brookeanum Kraenzl. 1904 - See Bulbophyllum vermiculare Hook.f. 1890

219. Bulbophyllum bruneiense J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2008

     SECTION Beccariana Pfitz. 1889

     

     ~Bulbophyllum brunnescens [Ridley] J.J.Sm. 1912 - See Bulbophyllum brienianum [Rolfe] J.J.Sm. 1912

220. Bulbophyllum bryophilum Hermans 2007

     SECTION Pantoblepharon Schlechter 1925

     LATE EARLY

221. Bulbophyllum bryophytoides G.A.Fisch. & Andriant. 2009

     SECTION Lichenophylax Schlechter 1924

     

     ~Bulbophyllum buchenauianum (Kraenzl.) De Wild. 1921 - See Bulbophyllum calyptratum Kraenzl. 1895

     ~Bulbophyllum bufo (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1861 - See Bulbophyllum falcatum [Lindley]Rchb.f 1861

222. Bulbophyllum bulhartii Sieder & Kiehn 2009

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     LATE

223. Bulbophyllum bulliferum J.J.Sm. 1908

     SECTION Lepanthanthe Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLY

     ~Bulbophyllum buntingii Rendle 1913 - See Bulbophyllum oxychilum Schltr. 1905

     ~Bulbophyllum burfordiense Garay Hamer and Siegerist 1996 _ See Bulbophyllum grandiflorum Blume 1849

     ~Bulbophyllum burfordiense Rolfe 1901 - See Bulbophyllum grandiflorum Blume 1849

     ~Bulbophyllum burkillii Gage 1906 - See Bulbophyllum oblongum [Lindley] Rchb.f 1864

224. Bulbophyllum burttii Summerh. 1953

     SECTION Ptiloglossum Lindl. 1862

     

225. Bulbophyllum cadetioides Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Monanthes [Bl] Avery. 1994

     

226. Bulbophyllum caecilii J.J.Sm. 1927

     SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

     LATE EARLY

227. Bulbophyllum caecum J.J.Sm. 1926

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

     ~Bulbophyllum caeruleolineatum H.Perrier 1951 - See Bulbophyllum oxycalyx Schltr. 1924

     ~Bulbophyllum caesariatum Ridl. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum lindleyanum Griff. 1851

228. Bulbophyllum caespitosum Thouars 1822

     

     ~Bulbophyllum calabaricum Rolfe 1906 - See Bulbophyllum pumilum (Sw.) Lindl. 1830

     ~Bulbophyllum calamarioides Schltr. 1924 - See Bulbophyllum erectum Thouars 1822

     ~Bulbophyllum calamarium Lindl. 1843 - See Bulbophyllum saltatorium Lindl. 1837

     ~*Bulbophyllum calamarium var. albociliatum. Finet 1911 - See Bulbophyllum saltatorium Lindl. 1837 var albociliatum

229. Bulbophyllum calceilabium J.J.Sm. 1929

     SECTION Brachypus Schlechter 1913

     LATER

230. Bulbophyllum calceolus J.J.Verm. 1991

     SECTION Polymeres Verm & O'Byrne 2008

     

231. Bulbophyllum calimanianum V.P.Castro & G.F.Carr 2007

     SECTION Napellii Rchb.f 1861

     LATE SPRING

232. Bulbophyllum callichroma Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Macrouris Schlechter 1913

     TO LATE EARLY

233. Bulbophyllum calliferum J.J.Verm. & A.L.Lamb 2013

     SECTION Brachystachyae Benth. & Hook. f. 1883

     

234. Bulbophyllum callipes J.J.Sm. 1908

     SECTION Codonosiphon Schlechter 1913

     LATE EARLIER

235. Bulbophyllum callosum Bosser 1965

     SECTION Ploiarium Schlechter 1925

     EARLIER

     ~Bulbophyllum calodictyon Schltr. 1919 - See Bulbophyllum griffithii (Lindl.) Rchb. f. 1864

236. Bulbophyllum caloglossum Schltr. 1913

     SECTION Intervallatae Ridley 1897

     

237. Bulbophyllum calophyllum L.O.Williams 1938

     SECTION Stachysanthes (Bl.) J.J. Verm. & P. O Byrne 2008

     LATE

     ~Bulbophyllum calothyrsus Schltr. 1913 - See Bulbophyllum callichroma Schltr. 1913

238. Bulbophyllum calviventer J.J.Verm. 1993

     SECTION Peltopus Schlechter 1913

     To LATETo

239. Bulbophyllum calvum Summerh. 1966

     SECTION Ptilogloss